——_ PORT OF THE SECRETARY
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| INSTITUTION
1932
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
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Dig:
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY
OF THE SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30
1932
(Publication 3183)
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1932
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CONTENTS
Outstanding events of the year_.___._--___-_-__----------_---__-
sihevestablishment(eenc. . Teka ee aes Sa oe Ue ee ee sede S
ihirepborrdroishtegrents! 6.40 25 2.0 ee ee eee see a Se
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Mettensiofeeneral-imterest. 2) oe aoe 2
Dwight W. Morrow bequest._---..----------------------_--
Research Corporation awards to Doctors Douglass and Antevs-_--
Jp SCO HUGE SA a, EE ea EN eg ct a oe OO
Cooperative ethnological and archeological investigations------~_
Hxplorations;and fieldwork 92 eo leerhe 2 oc ee
nblicationcse sere. SS ee keen eee eee Oo te ala eles ot
Silo eens seyret eee ppt RS cee RE ei. A eee eS le
Soverimen#tally supported branches..—.--..=...-..2-.-i.222.222 22222
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ererone le Gallenyaak parte so eet. ere ieee El a a
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Bureamvof American) Mthnology—. 25.2222... 2... .L22-2 22 +5
Initemahionslshixehangeset sii es Fw es ok
NationaleZoologicaliParke 227 bl 2) veer oe es ee ss
AStLOpuysicals Observatory 1295 2S. ls5 Josues eee ee ale.
Divisionvof Radiation and Organisms 2.222 922 2222 22 222 2
International Catalogue of Scientific Literature_______--_________-
1 NEAGLE LEAT oe NRL ML a as se ou ca
Appendix
1. Report on the United States National Museum_________-__
2. Report on the National Gallery of Art_________---__-_-_-
3. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art_________-_-_---_-_-_-
4. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology__.-_-_------
5. Report on the International Exchange Service___._______-
6. Report on the National Zoological Park__..._.._____----
7. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory_.._-_-----____-
8. Report on the Division of Radiation and Organisms- -- -__
9. Report on the International Catalogue of Scientific Litera-
lOmeveporponnihe library. 25222 Soe te
ifaReporjonypublications=s 222 22250250 2 ete so
1In part govermentally supported.
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THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
June 30, 1932
Presiding officer ex officio—Hrreert Hoover; President of the United States.
Chancellor.—Cuar.Les Evans Hugues, Chief Justice of the United States.
Members of the Institution:
HERBERT Hoover, President of the United States.
CHARLES CurRTIS, Vice President of the United States.
CHARLES EvANS HucHEs, Chief Justice of the United States.
Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of State.
OgpEN L. Mitts, Secretary of the Treasury.
Parrick J. HurtEy, Secretary of War.
WiLiiaAM D. MitcHELt, Attorney General.
WALTER FE’. Brown, Postmaster General. '
CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, Secretary of the Navy.
Ray LyMan WIsBvR, Secretary of the Interior.
ArTrHour M. Hynes, Secretary of Agriculture.
Rosert P. LAmMont, Secretary of Commerce.
WixtraM N. Doak, Secretary of Labor.
Regents of the Institution:
CHARLES Evans HUGHES, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor.
CHARLES CuRTIS, Vice President of the United States.
RrED Smoor, Member of the Senate.
JOSEPH T. Roprinson, Member of the Senate.
CLAUDE A. SwANson, Member of the Senate.
ALBERT JOHNSON, Member of the House of Representatives.
T. ALAN GOLDSBOROUGH, Member of the House of Representatives.
Epwarp H. Crump, Member of the House of Representatives.
Irwin B. LAUGHLIN, citizen of Pennsylvania.
Freperto A. DErAno, citizen of Washington, D. C.
JoHN C. Merriam, citizen of Washington, D. C.
R. WaxLton Moore, citizen of Virginia.
Rogert.W... BINGHAM,.citizen of. Kentucky. .
_ AuGustTus P. LorInG, citizen of Massachusetts.
Executive committee—Freperico A. DELANO, R. WALTON MoOorn, JOHN CU.
MERRIAM.
Secretary.—CHARLES G. ABBOT.
Assistant Secretary— ALEXANDER WETMORE.
Chief Clerk and administrative assistant to the Secretary.—HaArry W.. Dorsry:
Treasurer and disbursing agent.—NICHOLAS W. DoRSEY.
Hditor—WEBSTER P. TRUE.
Librarian.—Witiiam L. CorBin.
_ Appointment clerk.—JAMES G. TRAYIOR.
Property clerk.— JAMES H. HILL.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
Keeper ex officio —CHARLES G. ABBOT.
Assistant Secretary (in charge).—ALEXANDER WHITMORE.
Associate director.—JOHN WH. Grar.
Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—WILLIAM DE C. RAVENEL.
VI ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
Head curators —WALTER HouGH, LEONHARD STEJNEGER, RAY S. BASSIER.
Curators —PAvuL BArtscH, Ray S. BassterR, THEopoRE T. BELoTr, AusTIN H,
CLARK, FREDERICK V. COovILLE, WILLIAM F, FosHAG, HERBERT FRIEDMANN,
CuHeEstTER G. GILBERT, CHARLES W. GILMORE, WALTER HovucH, LELAND O.
Howarp, ALES HrpiiéKA, Net M. Jupp, HerBert W. KRrikGER, FREDERICK L.
LewrTon, Gesrir S. Mrirer, Jz., Cart. W. MITMAN, CHARLES H, RESSER,
Watpo L. ScHMItTr, LEONHARD STEJNEGER, RUEL P. ToLMAN.
Associate curators—JoHN M. AtpricH, EriswortH P. KiLiip, WILLIAM R.
MAxon, JosepH H. Ritry, DAvip WHITE. me
Chief of correspondence and documents.—HERBERT S. BRYANT.
Disbursing agent—NIcHOLAS W. DorsEyY.
Superintendent of buildings and labor.—JAmeEs S. GOLDSMITH.
Editor.—PaAvuL H. OFHSER.
Assistant Librarian.—LzEILa G. FORBES.
Photographer.—ARTHUR J. OLMSTED.
Property clerk.—Witi1AmM A. KNOWLES.
Engineer.—CLayTon R. DENMARK.
NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
Director.—WiILtI1AM H. HomMeEs.
FREER GALLERY OF ART
Curator.—JoHN ELLERTON LODGE. ;
Associate cuwraior.—CARrL WHITING BISHOP.
Assistant curator —GracE DUNHAM GUEST.
Associate.—KATHARINE NASH RHOADES.
Assistant.—ARCHIBALD G. WENLEY.
Superintendent—JOHN BUNDY.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Chief—MATTHEW W. STIRLING.
Ethnologists—Joun P. Harrincton, Joun N. B. Hewitt, TRUMAN MICHELSON,
JoHN R. Swanton, WiLL1AM D. STRONG. ce
Archeologist —FRraNK H. H. Roserts, Jr.
Associate Anthropologist—WINSLOW M. WALKER.
Editor.—StTANLEY SEARLES.
Librarian.—EiaA Leary,
Illustrator —Dr LANcry GILL.
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES
Secretary. (in charge).—CHARLES G. Appor.
Chief clerk—Coates W. SHOEMAKER. -
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK
Director.—WILLIAM M. Mann.
Assistant director.—bHRNEST P. WALKER.
ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY
Director —CHARLES G. ABBOT. .
Assistant director.—LoyatL B, ALDRICH. teal
Research assistant —F REpERICK BH. Fowrn, J r. it
Associate research assistant.—WILLIAM H. Hoover.
VII
DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS
Chief —FREDERICK S. BRACKETT.
Research associate.—HaruL S. JOHNSTON.
Associate research assistant.—H. D. McALISTER.
Research assistant.—LELAND B. CLARK.
REGIONAL BUREAU FOR THE UNITED STATES, INTERNATIONAL
CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Assistant in charge.—LEONARD C, GUNNELL.
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REPORT OF THE
SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
C. G. ABBOT
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1932
To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.
GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to submit herewith my report
showing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution
and the Government. bureaus under its administrative charge during
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1932. The first 14 pages contain a
summary account of the affairs of the Institution. Appendixes 1
to 11 give more detailed reports of the operations of the United
States National Museum, the National Gallery of Art, the Freer
Gallery of Art, the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Interna-
tional Exchanges, the National Zoological Park, the Astrophysical
Observatory, the Division of Radiation and Organisms, the United
States Regional Bureau of the International Catalogue of Scientific
Literature, the Smithsonian library, and of the publications issued
under the direction of the Institution.
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE YEAR
_ Preliminary plans have been completed for the wings authorized
in 1930 to be added to the Natural History Building of the National
Museum; appropriations have not yet been made, however, to begin
construction. An unrestricted bequest of $100,000 was received for
the endowment funds of the Institution from the late Dwight W.
Morrow. Two $2,500 Research Corporation awards were made
through the Institution to Doctors Douglass and Antevs. ‘Two nota-
ble public lectures were given at the Institution, the first Arthur
Lecture by Dr. Henry Norris Russell and the sixth Hamilton Lec-
ture by Dr. Albert Charles Seward. Volume 12, the last volume of
the Smithsonian Scientific Series, was sent to the printer near the
close of the year. The fifth revised edition of the Smithsonian
Meteorological Tables and the fourth reprint of the Smithsonian
Mathematical Tables—Hyperbolic Functions—were issued. A con-
1
2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
siderable number of scientific expeditions were in the field from the
Institution, the National Museum, and the Bureau of American
Ethnology; these expeditions brought back valuable new informa-
tion and collections bearing on the Institution’s researches. The
Director of the National Zoological Park headed an expedition to
British Guiana, returning with 317 live animals for the park.
Volume V of the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory appeared,
presenting the results of its researches on the sun for the past 10
years. New instruments for the solar work were devised, and in-
vestigations were made of periodicities in solar and terrestrial
phenomena. The Division of Radiation and Organisms, pursuing
its pioneering experiments in biophysics, measured the carbon-
dioxide assimilation of wheat for different light intensities, made
experiments on the lethal effects of the ultra-violet rays upon algae,
and a study of the effects of different wave-length distributions of
light on the growth of plants. The reduction in the Institution’s
income, both private and governmental, has occasioned strict econ-
omy in all lines and the curtailment of some activities. Its funds
for publication have been cut nearly to one-half of last year’s
amount, with the result that valuable manuscripts have had to be
refused or held up for a year and others have been cut to half their
normal size, as has been done, for instance, with this report.
THE ESTABLISHMENT >
The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in
1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of Eng-
land, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of
America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith-
sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of
knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the
trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was with-
out authority to administer the trust directly and, therefore, consti-
tuted an “establishment ” whose statutory members are “ the Presi-
dent, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the
executive departments.”
THE BOARD OF REGENTS
The affairs of the Institution are administered by a Board of
Regents whose membership consists of “the Vice President, the
Chief Justice, three Members of the Senate, and three Members of
the House of Representatives, together with six other persons other
than Members of Congress, two of whom shall be resident in the city
REPORT OF. THE SECRETARY 3
of Washington and the other four shall be inhabitants of some State,
but no two of them of the same State.” One of the Regents is elected
chancellor of the board. In the past the selection has fallen upon the
Vice President or the Chief Justice, and a suitable person is chosen
by the Regents as Secretary of the Institution, who is also secretary
of the Beard of Regents, and the executive fice: directly 1 in charge
of the Institution’s activities.
A number of changes in the personnel of the board occurred dur-
ing the year. The terms as Regents of three congressional mem-
bers expired—Representatives R. Walton Moore, Robert Luce, and
Albert Johnson. Six vacancies on the board were filled by the ap-
pointment or reappointment of three Members of Congress—Repre-
sentatives Albert Johnson, T. Alan Goldsborough, and A. J. Mon-
tague—and three citizen Regents—R. Walton Moore, Virginia; Rob-
ert W. Bingham, Kentucky; and Augustus P. Loring, Massachu-
setts. A. J. Montague having resigned, E. H. Crump was appointed
to succeed him. |
The roll of Regents at the close of the year was as follows:
Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, chan-
cellor; Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States; Members
from the Senate—Reed Smoot, Joseph T. Robinson, Claude A.
Swanson; Members from the House of Representatives—A Ibert
Johnson, T. Alan Goldsborough, E. H. Crump; citizen members—
Frederic A. Delano, Washington, D. C.; Irwin B. Laughlin, Penn-
sylvania; John C. Merriam, Washington, D. C.; R. Walton Moore,
Virginia; Robert W. Bingham, Kentucky; Augustus P. Loring,
Massachusetts. .
By FINANCES
PRIVATE FUNDS
- The permanent investments of the Institution consist of the
following:
Total endowment for general or specific purposes (exclusive of
© LNWRE GID. TRUONG IS SS see or sp ae ae $1, 775, 804. 36
Itemized as follows:
Deposited in the Treasury of the United States, as provided by
TED ING ccc et a ee te 8 publ Rsmebeat NL hs ale AS 2s 1, 000, 000. 00
Deposited in the consolidated fund—
Miscellaneous securities, ete., either purchased or acquired
by gift; cost or value at date acquired__________________ 712, 156. 86
Springer, Frank, fund for researches, etc. (bonds) _—-_-______ 13, 835. 00
Younger, Helen Walcott, fund ere Bones and stock
Hele Uy CCU Sis) === aes eee eee ee yee eee aes 49, 812. 50
MOU N es SS 2 8s ee 0S gE ER 1, 775, 804. 36
4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
The above-mentioned funds of the Institution are described as
follows:
United States} Consoli- Separate Total
Fund Treasury | dated fund funds
Arthor, Janies; fund's. ..22 32. 0s.e ee ae ese oe a eee eee $50, 699.31}. ..---..--.- $50, 699. 31
Bacon, Virginia Purdy, farid. 2220s a ee ee eee 63; 5321525). ei ee 63, 512. 52
Baird; Lucy: Hi, fundic2 252225 sos. Lo ee ee 9° 959" 00) jo ee see 9, 959. 05
Barstow, Frederic D., fond 22 23:20222 eS ee eee £ O64. 27aps tenes eS 964. 27
Canfield: Collection‘fund= 2-55-22 cute. cS Coat ooo eee eee 48, 488. 51 [..---.------ 48, 488. 51
Casey: ‘Thomas'L.; fand_26 0) 23} ae ie ee oe ee ee eee QO 7B76 14 ||. See 9, 797. 14
Chamberlain fund. 2222222 oat eae ee nS eee 35; 698. 68.).22- 2.2 one ae 35, 698. 68
Hedgkins (specific): fund) 445222. 22 Ae $100; OOOYO0 (S225 ee eens 2 ay 100, 000. 00
BU ehes, Brice sree ee ea ae | ae ee eee 19, 205.'63"| 2 ->- cea 19, 205. 63
Byer, Catherine W:.) funded !230222 ies 2 eee Se ee eee 22,007. G4) oh ok ere 22, 907. 94
Pell; Cornelia Livingston; fand 22.32" eee eee 3,000.69 |bas--soe ee 3, 060. 69
Poore, Lucy T. and George W., fund_-_____--___-___ 26,670.00 | 36,172.17 |..._-___-_-- 62, 842. 17
Reid; Addison T, find 4 ee ee 11,000.00 | 14,478.94 |_.-________- 25, 478. 94
Roebling: Collection fimn@et 5th 2 Ne a eee ee 152: O87 70 ee 152, 987. 77
Rollins, Miriam and William, fund =. . 22232222) 53, 787200 |22- <2 secon 53, 787. 00
Smithsonian unrestricted funds:
PASCO Y CUNT ere a oe a ee a 14,000: 00 | 47,207.09 |..22.2-*2-2 61, 207. 09
Endowmoentitund?:. sis yes it ee 81,372£°67--|228 2 2 Se 81, 374. 67
anelTinde ae aoe a eee ae tere one eee 20000" = -- 23-2 1 eee 500. 00
Hachenberg funds 2 0220 J-- ee Ss eos Ieee eres 5,'100::49 las 2ache oe 5, 100. 49
Iamltonitani iss eee 2 Beye ee ee ae 2, 500. 00 OLEST0 | oe ee 3,011. 70
Henry tnd) 252 et See pe a ye a ee a eee 1 bear li) |e te ee 1 Saas 1%
Hodgkins: general fund... 222): eee 116,000.00 | 38,018.94 |__-.________ 154, 018. 94
Barent fund.° 2 {<5 oe sos eect ee a ie 727; 640. 00 19:647#50"|_ 2 2oatiews oe 729, 187. 50
Rhtes timndie ec ee ie ea ee 590 00 590263) | se J2o0e ee 1, 189. 63
Sanford funds 224. -- sabes we eee 1, 100. 00 1} 128.49) |. 2, 228, 49
Springer fund 22522. 820 23 8 Fe Be ee eee Sere eal cee eee $13, 835. 00 13, 835. 00
Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, fund__________|--__---_______- 12, 450: 72) | 2. .2- ae 12, 450. 72
Younger; Helen Walcott; furid == 20 520 oe ey econ en |e eee ees oe ee 49, 812. 50 49, 812. 50
Zerbeo; ‘Frances Brinckié; fandii 2: = 251) ey a ee 964: 84.,|_ 4-3 964. 84
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, 000, 000. 00 | 712, 156.86 | 63,647. 50 | 1,775, 804. 36
Freer Gallery of Art.—The invested funds of the Freer bequest
are Classified as follows:
Courtsand eros A eee eee ia a reese ee $580, 016. 22
Court and jerounds) maintenance wun. se ee 145, 171. 79
Curator * fond ee Ee 2 nS we ree Ree 589, 763. 31
Residwary , legacy: 2252252 22 ee a eee ae ee Oe ee 3, 858, 208. 44
4 0) eee eee a sn ere ee Un OO! Ee ee ee Coe we 5, 173, 159. 76
Recapitulation of endowment funds, June 30, 1932
Endowment for general purposes_..__--__-2_--_-______+_______ $1, 039, 351. 68
Endowment for specific purposes other than Freer endowment___ 736, 452. 68
Total endowment other than Freer endowment___________ 1, 775, 804. 36
YEE CHOOW Me lity 2. es ee a 5, 173, 159. 76
STATEMENT OF INCOME
PARENT INSTITUTION
Expendable income for fiscal year:
Cash income from all sources for general work of the Institu-
hom I a ee $74, 883. 41
Cash income from investments and other sources for specific
Objects hc 22. 2 ee ae Ee ea Se 27, 893. 29
Cash gifts expendable for specific objects___.-_________________ 33, 761. 71
Tote). 5. Ase se Soe oe ee 136, 038. 41
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY . . 5
Increase of endowment:
Endowment for general work of the Tmstitintion 2.2 We aia Wii. Sly $108, 020. 39
Endowment for specific uses_______--_------------------------ 7, 480. 71
Tian LG EV A STG UN SR OIE CN 115, 451. 10
FREER GALLERY OF ART
Expendable income for fiscal year: Cash income for general work
OhmoeMeroalleryess ee ke ee ee eee ee ee 281, 476. 85
The practice of depositing on time in local trust companies and
banks such revenues as may be spared temporarily has been con-
tinued during the past year, and interest on these deposits has
amounted to $5,364.02.
The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts or bequests from
the following:
Dr. W. L. Abbot, for archeological investigations in Cuba and the Bahama
Islands.
Mrs. Laura Welsh Casey, further contributions to the Thomas Lincoln Casey
fund for investigations in Coleoptera.
The estate of Dwight W. Morrow, for general endowment fund of the
Institution.
Mr. Childs Frick, further contributions for researches in vertebrate
paleontology.
Research Corporation, for further contributions for researches in radiation.
Rockefeller Foundation, for further contributions for researches in radiation.
Mr. John A. Roebling, for further contributions for researches in radiation.
The estate of William H. Rollins, for investigations in physics and chemistry.
Mrs. Mary Vaux Walcott, for archeological investigations in Alaska.
From an anonymous friend, for further investigations in Old World
archeology.
PUBLIC FUNDS
The following appropriations were made by Congress for the
Government bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smith-
sonian Institution for the fiscal year 1932:
Salaries snd vexXPeNSe gee wou ken es oa $38, 644. 00
eather nCOMECHIOM ME aS BE ie eS ee ee 20, 000. 00
International Hxchanees 2202 o aN ee 54, 060. 00
ASTD EN GB Ti VDE) NCCC (OPERA ea DON yA Re I I pba er See aa 72, 640. 00
International Catalogue of Scientific Literature_________________ 8, 150. 00
AStrophysicaluObpsernvatory sees Ya 37, 620. 00
National Museum:
Maintenance and operation *__________________. $154, 580. 00
Preservation of collections 7.24.22...) 2-2) 620, 510. 00
————————.__ 775, 090. 00
1Former appropriations ‘‘ Furniture and fixtures,’ “Heating and lighting,’ and
“ Building repairs ’’ provided for under this appropriation.
2 Former appropriations ‘ Books”? and “* Postage” merged with ‘‘ Preservation of ecollec-
tions ’” and provided for under this appropriation.
6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
National’ Gallery of “Artu._=—-— aes 0 eee $45, 220. 00
National’ Zoological Park.2 92520 Daal Sag a eee ee 255, 540. 00
National Zoological Park, plans for building for small mammals__ 4, 500. 00
Printing and binding... +2. ee 104, 000. 00
Mota = = oo es eee 1, 415, 464. 00
MATTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST
DWIGHT W. MORROW BEQUEST
Under the terms of the will of Dwight W. Morrow, former am-
bassador to Mexico and later United States Senator from New Jer-
sey, who died October 5, 1931, the Institution received a bequest of
$100,000. ‘The legacy reads as follows:
To the Smithsonian Institution, city of Washington, District of Columbia,
one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), to be part of its endowment funds.
Mr. Morrow, who for several years was a member of the Board
of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, had taken an active inter-
est in its affairs. His generous bequest is a substantial indication
of that interest; it will be particularly valuable to the Institution
because it is unhampered by conditions in the application of its
income, making it possible to assign the additional funds thus pro-
vided to the researches most in need of assistance.
RESEARCH CORPORATION AWARDS TO DOCTORS DOUGLASS AND ANTEVS
In recognition of their outstanding scientific researches the fourth
and fifth Research Corporation awards of $2,500 each were made
through the Smithsonian Institution to Dr. Andrew Ellicott
Douglass and Dr. Ernst Antevs on December 18, 1931. The presen-
tation was made in the auditorium of the National Museum, the
exercises opening with an account of the Research Corporation and
its awards by the Secretary of the Institution, and informally by
Mr. Elon Hooker, a director of the corporation. This was followed
by the formal presentation by Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes,
chancellor of the Institution, and the recipients then delivered ad-
dresses on their researches. An account of the ceremony, together
with the full text of the addresses of Doctors Douglass and Antevs,
will be found in the general appendix to the Smithsonian Report for
1931.
LECTURES
Arthur Lecture—tThe first lecture under the bequest of James
Arthur, received by the Institution in 1931, was given by Dr. Henry
Norris Russell, professor of astronomy at Princeton University, who
lectured on The Composition of the Sun, in the auditorium of the
National Museum on the evening of January 27, 1932.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ey iz.
Hamilton Lectwre.—The sixth Hamilton Lecture was given on the
evening of March 30, 1932, also in the auditorium of the Museum,
by Dr. Albert Charles Seward, master of Downing College and pro-
fessor of botany, Cambridge University. Doctor Seward’s subject
was Plant Records of the Rocks.
These two lectures are being published by the Institution, Doctor
Russell’s in the Smithsonian Report for 1931 and Doctor Seward’s
in the Report for 1932.
SMITHSONIAN SCIENTIFIC SERIES
The Smithsonian Scientific Series is a set of 12 volumes, written in
popular style and profusely illustrated, on the various branches of
science included in the scope of the Institution’s work. The books
were written by members of the staff and collaborators of the Insti-
tution, and they are published and sold by a New York corporation,
the Smithsonian Institution Series, Inc. The Institution receives a
definite royalty on all sales. Three-fourths of all receipts are added
to the permanent endowment, the remainder used as income to pro-
mote the Smithsonian program of research and publication.
Eleven volumes of the series have thus far been issued and the
twelfth and last was in press at the close of the fiscal year. The titles
and authors are as follows:
1. The Smithsonian Institution, by Webster Prentiss True.
2. The Sun and the Welfare of Man, by Charles Greeley Abbot.
8. Minerals from Harth and Sky. Part I, The Story of Meteorites, by George
P. Merrill; Part II, Gems and Gem Minerals, by William F. Foshag.
4, The North American Indians. An account of the American Indians north of
_ Mexico, compiled from the original sources, by Rose A. Palmer.
5. Insects: Their Ways and Means of Living, by R. E. Snodgrass.
6. Wild Animals in and out of the Zoo, by William M. Mann.
7 Man from the Farthest Past, by C. W. Bishop, C. G. Abbot, and A.
Hrdlitka.
8. Cold-Bloodod Vertebrates, by C. W. Gilmore, D. M. Cochran, and S. F.
Hildebrand. ’
9. Warm-Blooded Vertebrates. Part I, Birds, by Alexander Wetmore; Part II,
Mammals, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr., and James W. Gidley.
10. Shelled Invertebrates of the Past and Present, with Chapters on Geological
History, by Ray NS. Bassler, Charles E. Resser, Waldo L. Schmitt, and
Paul Bartsch.
11. Old and New Plant Lore, by Agnes Chase, A. S. Hitchcock, Earl S. Johnston,
J. H. Kempton, Ellsworth P. Killip, Daniel T. MacDougal, Albert Mann,
and William R. Maxon.
12. Great Inventions, by Charles Greeley Abbot.
COOPERATIVE ETHNOLOGICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
In 1928 Congress appropriated $20,000 for cooperative ethnological
and archeological investigations in this country, the allotments to
be made on approval of the Secretary of the Institution in amounts
8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
equal to those raised by the organizations proposing the investiga-
tions. The fund was nearly exhausted in 1931, but it was possible to
make two smail allotments this year, bringing to a close this cooper-
ative project.
Allotments from the fund for cooperative ethnological and archeological investi-
gations during the year ended June 30, 1932
1932
May 12. University of Denver, to excavate two dry caves in southern Colorado,
one near La Veta and the other in the Apishapa Valley district; and
if time and money permit, to make a reconnaissance of archeological
remains in and around the San Dunes National Monument, $300.
June 23. Mississippi, Department of Archives and History, to conduct a survey
of Choctaw and Chickasaw Indian village sites and excavate prom-
ising mounds in Mississippi, $259.
EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK
The Institution and its branches sent out or participated in 25
expeditions in the furtherance of its researches in anthropology,
biology, geology, and astrophysics. These expeditions visited 13
States of the United States, several countries of Europe, Canada,
Alaska, Mexico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, British Guiana, and South-
west Africa. As illustrative of the aims of these expeditions, I may
mention Dr. W. F. Foshag’s trip to various mining localities in
Mexico for the purpose of collecting certain rare minerals and series
of specimens illustrating occurrences and ore formation for the
National Museum; Dr. Alexander Wetmore’s expedition to His-
paniola to obtain needed information on the bird life of that region;
and a continuation of Dr. AleS Hrdli¢ka’s anthropological work in
Alaska, in the course of which he obtained anthropometric measure-
ments on the living natives and, through excavation, collections of
old skeletal and archeological material. The results of these and
of the other expeditions of the year are described and illustrated in
Explorations and Field Work of the Smithsonian Institution in
1931, Smithsonian publication No. 3134.
PUBLICATIONS
The consolidation of the three separate editorial offices of the
Institution into one central office under the general direction of the
editor of the Smithsonian, announced in last year’s report, has
proved to be a very satisfactory arrangement. The most important.
results have been more accuracy and a greater uniformity of style
in the several series issued under the Institution and a shortening
of the average time from manuscript to finished book; furthermore,
a central contact point is provided between the printer and the edi-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9
torial staff, and all of the financial and other records are kept in one
office, where the status of every publication and allotment is avail-
able at any time. One hundred and twenty-one volumes and pam-
phlets were issued during the year, 50 by the Institution proper, 63
by the National Museum, 7 by the Bureau of American Ethnology,
and 1 by the Astrophysical Observatory. Detailed information re-
garding these publications will be found in the report of the editor,
Appendix 11. The total number of publications distributed was
204,240.
LIBRARY
The Smithsonian library, made up of 10 divisional libraries and
35 sectional libraries, now contains more than 800,000 volumes, pam-
phlets, and charts. Accessions during the year totaled 6,807 volumes
and 4,648 pamphlets and charts, most of which were received in
exchange. Among the outstanding gifts were a set in 45 volumes of
the “ Phra Tripitaka” from His Majesty the King of Siam and a
‘copy of “ Cristoforo Colombo—Documenti & prove della sua ap-
partenenza a Genova,” presented by His Excellency Dino Grandi.
Considerable progress was made in recataloguing the botanical col-
lection of the National Museum library, and the reclassifying and
recataloguing of the Freer Gallery of Art library was almost com-
pleted. Arrangements were made for assembling a dictionary index
to all of the publications of the Institution and its branches.
GOVERNMENTALLY SUPPORTED BRANCHES?
National Museum.—tThe total appropriations for the past year
were $835,090, an increase of $4,696 over those for the previous year.
Plans were completed for the wings to be added to the Natural His-
tory Building, authorized in 1930; but owing to the need for national
economy, the estimate of $1,200,000 to begin construction could not
be included in the Budget. Additions to the collections numbered
157,870 specimens, and as usual a large number of specimens were
examined and reported upon, exchanged with other institutions, and
given to schools. Important accessions in anthropology included
collections of artifacts from prehistoric sites in Europe; series of old
native implements from Kodiak Island, Alaska; costumes and im-
plements used by the natives of Panama; and native pottery and
textiles from Africa. Collections of general biological material were
received from Southwest Africa and from Siam. Important series
of plants came from the Brazilian-Venezuelan frontier and from
1¥or further details regarding the work of these branches, see the appendixes at the
end of this report. ‘
144136—32——2
10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
Peru. In geology, a large number of interesting minerals were
accessioned, including a gold nugget weighing 81 ounces troy; also
important collections of fossils, particularly of mammals. The out-
standing addition in history was a series of 71 paintings illustrating
events in American history, by the late J. L. Gerome Ferris, pre-
sented by Mrs. Ferris. Twenty-three scientific expeditions relating
to the Museum were in the field during the year, bringing back
valuable material for study and exhibition. The number of visitors
for the year totaled 1,630,030.
National Gallery of Art.—Two special exhibitions were held dur-
ing the year—one a collection of paintings made in Spain by Wells
M. Sawyer and the other an exhibition in honor of the bicentennial
of the birth of George Washington, which consisted of paintings,
sculpture, plans of Washington City, etc., and was held under the
auspices of the United States Bicentennial Commission and the Na-
tional Commission of Fine Arts. Accessions of art works included
a number of portraits, including those of Henry Ward Ranger and
Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, and two water-color paintings
by William Spencer Bagdatopoulos. Fifteen paintings were pur-
chased by the Council of the National Academy of Design; under
Mr. Ranger’s will, any of these may be claimed by the National Gal-
lery during the 5-year period beginning 10 years after the artist’s
death and ending 15 years after his death.
Freer Gallery of Art.i—Additions to the collections include ex-
amples of Persian bookbinding; Chinese bronze; Chinese and Per-
sian ceramics; Chinese jade; Arabian, Persian, Armenian, and In-
dian manuscripts; and Chinese silver-gilt. Curatorial work has been
devoted to a study of a Japanese mandara painting; to a study of
the Indian manuscript, Vasanta Vildsa; to a critical study of an
ancient Armenian manuscript of the Four Gospels; and to the study
of inscriptions on Buddhist stone sculptures and of inscriptions and
seals on Chinese paintings. The total attendance of visitors for the
year was 122,940. A full report of archeological work undertaken
by the field staff of the gallery in Shansi Province, China, is now
being published in Shanghai. It will be printed in both English
and Chinese and will be fully illustrated.
Bureau of American E'thnology.—Much of the work of the bureau
depends upon field expeditions, which obtain needed information and
collections connected with its investigations of the Indians. The
chief, Mr. Stirling, as a guest of the privately organized Latin
American expedition, visited the Tule Indians of Panama and the
Jivaros of Ecuador. Doctor Swanton had considerable success in
+The Government’s expense in connection with the Freer Gallery of Art consists main¥y
in the care of the building and certain other custodial matters. Other expenses are paid
from the Freer endowment funds.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 11
locating the probable route of De Soto and Moscoso through Arkan-
sas and Louisiana. He also recorded linguistic material among the
Tunica Indians in Louisiana and continued the preparation of the
handbook of the Southeastern Indians. Doctor Michelson conducted
linguistic and other researches among the Cheyenne, the Fox, and
the Kiowa. Mr. Harrington studied the Indians of Monterey and
San Benito Counties, Calif., and investigated the Chingichngich cul-
ture of the coast of southern California. Doctor Roberts continued
excavations near Allantown, Ariz., uncovering a number of pit
houses, one of which, dated 797 A. D. by means of charred timbers,
proved to be one of the earliest buildings of known date in the South-
west. Doctor Strong conducted excavations in the stratified deposits
on the top of Signal Butte, in western Nebraska, revealing three
distinct levels of occupation, the lowest evidently of great antiquity.
Mr. Hewitt continued his researches on the Iroquois Indians of the
United States and Canada. Mr. Walker explored certain caves in
the Ozark region of north central Arkansas and mound and village
sites in northern Louisiana. Miss Densmore continued her researches
on Indian music, particularly among the Winnebago of Wisconsin
and the Seminole of Florida.
International Hachanges.—The International Exchange Service is
the official United States agency for the exchange with other coun-
tries of parliamentary documents, departmental documents, and mis-
cellaneous scientific and literary publications. The total number of
packages of such material handled by the service during the year was
759,035, an increase of about 18 per cent over last year’s total. ‘The
total number of sets of United States official documents forwarded
to foreign depositories is 112, and the number of copies of the Con-
gressional Record sent to designated agencies abroad is 104.
National Zoological Park.—An expedition to British Guiana, led
by the director of the park, brought back 317 live animals, includ-
ing 13 species of mammals, 25 of birds, and 31 of reptiles and
amphibians. Other accessions for the year totaled 900 animals.
There were removed by death, exchange, and return of animals on
deposit a total of 1,416, leaving the collection at the close of the year
at 2,302 animals. Outstanding among the gifts of the year were
the baby mountain gorilla and chimpanzee brought by Mr. and Mrs.
Martin Johnson. Visitors totaled 2,169,460, including 716 groups
from schools and other organizations in 22 States, the District of
Columbia, and Cuba. Work has progressed on the plans for a
building for small mammals and great apes. The newly completed
reptile house continues to be the most popular building at the park,
demonstrating that it is well worth while to exhibit animals in suit-
able and attractive quarters.
12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
Astrophysical Observatory—vVolume V of the annals of the ob-
servatory was published during the year. This volume covers the
work of the period 1920 to 1930, including descriptions of the sta-
tions and instruments, discussions of sources of error, methods of
observation, tables of daily observations, 10-day and monthly means,
and a discussion of the results of the several observing stations dur-
ing the 10-year period. New instruments were designed and con-
structed for solar researches, those completed being a new 2-chamber
water-flow pyrheliometer, a doubly dispersing spectroscope designed
to observe the extreme infra-red solar spectrum between wave lengths
10 and 30 microns, and the periodometer, an instrument for investi-
gation of periodicities in solar and terrestrial. phenomena. Daily
observations of the solar constant of radiation were continued at
Montezuma, Chile, and Table Mountain, Calif. The station at
Mount Brukkaros was closed. A volcanic eruption in Chile during
the year made the atmosphere at Montezuma so hazy that satisfac-
tory measurements of the solar constant could not be made there
after April, 1932. In the search for a desirable observatory site in
Africa, A. F. Moore found Mount Saint Katherine in the Sinai
Peninsula in Egypt to be the most promising of those investigated.
Division of Radiation and Organisms.2—The carbon dioxide as-
similated by wheat has been measured for light intensities varying
from 78 to 1,900 foot-candles and for carbon dioxide concentrations
varying from 0.004 to 0.500 per cent. A set of individual plant-
growth chambers has been completed, permitting comparative ob-
servations on the effects of different wave-length distributions of
light; a first experiment indicates that an excessive intensity in the
less refrangible end of the spectrum, that is, the infra-red and
extreme red, is accountable for much of the abnormal appearance
of plants grown in artificial light. An interesting set of experi-
ments has been conducted on the lethal effects of the ultra-violet
rays upon unicellular algae. Phototropic investigations have been
carried further into the blue end of the spectrum. Ultra-violet
measurements of the mercury are with the double monochromator
have been carried to the point where absolute intensities can be de-
termined with reasonable certainty. Cooperative work with the
Department of Agriculture includes a study of the effects of light
upon noncompetitive crop plants.
International Catalogue of Scientific Literature—In addition to
the routine work of the bureau, letters were sent by the Secretary
of the Institution to all of the former regional bureaus asking
whether they would again cooperate in the publication of the cata-
logue by supplying references to the scientific literature of their
* The Division of Radiation and Organisms is supported almost wholly by annual grants
from private sources,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 13
regions if funds could be provided to reestablish and finance the
central publishing bureau. The replies so far received have been
most gratifying, 16 out of 18 agreeing to cooperate in the resump-
tion of the enterprise. It is hoped and expected that the necessary
- capital to resume ‘publication, estimated at $75,000, can be obtained.
NECROLOGY
DAVID STARR JORDAN
David Starr Jordan, chancellor emeritus of Stanford University,
and associate in zoology, United States National Museum, since 1921,
was born January 19, 1851, and died at his home in Menlo Park,
Palo Alto, Calif., on September 19, 1931. Doctor Jordan became
interested in ichthyology in the early seventies and devoted much of
his time to the collection and study of fishes, to the great benefit of
the collections of the National Museum. With his close associates—
‘Copeland, Gilbert, Evermann, and others—and in cooperation with
the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Doctor Jordan collected not
only in the United States generally but also from Mexico to Panama
and in Hawaii, Japan, and elsewhere, making full reports upon
material collected, much of which was deposited in the division of
fishes of the National Museum.
Over a period of 45 years (1878-1923) Doctor Jordan was author
of 57 ichthyological papers, and coauthor of nearly 200 others, pub-
lished in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum.
In addition he was author of two bulletins of the National Museum
and coauthor of three, including the monumental work on The Fishes
of North and Middle America, in four volumes, written in collabora-
tion with Dr. Barton Warren Evermann.
JAMES WILLIAMS GIDLEY
James Williams Gidley, assistant curator of fossil mammals in the
United States National Museum, was born January 7, 1866, and died
in Washington on September 26, 1931. Doctor Gidley’s life work was
centered in the science of vertebrate paleontology, specializing in the
fossil mammalia, in which he attained great distinction. Many
scientific papers, largely published by the National Museum, record
the results of his investigations. He was particularly noted for his
research on the fossil horses of North America and for his studies on
fossil remains in the Pleistocene of Florida. Through his wide
knowledge of comparative anatomy he was called into frequent con-
sultation by students of modern mammals. Doctor Gidley entered
the Government service in 1905 as a member of the scientific staff of
the National Museum and had been associated with the paleontologi-
cal work of the Smithsonian Institution steadily since that time.
14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
CHARLES WALLACE RICHMOND
Charles Wallace Richmond, associate curator of birds, United
States National Museum, was born in Kenosha, Wis., December 31,
1868, and died in Washington May 19, 1982. He came to Washing-
ton in 1881 and in 1888 joined the Geological Survey in its explora-
tions in Montana. Returning from this, he became ornithological
clerk in the division of economic ornithology and mammalogy in the
United States Department of Agriculture. In 1892-93 he was in
Nicaragua making natural-history collections, and in 1894 he was
appointed assistant curator of birds in the National Museum, and in
1918 associate curator, which position he held until his death. In
1900 he was a member of the United States National Museum
expedition to Puerto Rico. During the 38 years that he was affiliated
with the Museum he has been a steady contributor to the publications
of the Smithsonian Institution dealing with problems of ornithology
and nomenclature. In these fields he was a recognized authority. _
Respectfully submitted.
, , C. G. Assor, Secretary.
_ APPENDIX 1
REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the con-
dition and operations of the United States National Museum fe
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1932:
‘The total appropriations for the maintenance of the National
Museum for this period amounted to $835,090, an increase of $4, 696
over those for 1931. In this year’s appropriations the six separate
items formerly, used were combined under two headings, “ Preserva-
tion of collections ” and “ Maintenance and operation.”
_ The appropriations for building repairs for 1931 included four
items that were for noncontinuing appropriations, amounting to
$37,500, omitted in the appropriation for 19382. Additions: under
maintenance and operation for 1932 amount to $8,280, so that, omit-
ting the items coming to $37,500 indicated above, cee is a dnenease
under this heading of $29,220. :
The amount pelale under preservation of dolleetionl was in-
creased by $20,416, of which $18,600 was applied to additional per-
sonnel. Reallocations made by the Classification Board added $2,160 _
to the salary rolls. Other increases amounted to $1,816. ;
The sum available for printing and binding was increased by $3, 500
to care for an arrearage in the printing of manuscripts, for: which
further additional funds are much needed.
- Requirements for additional appropriations for thie Netanel
Museum follow lines indicated in previous reports. Further per-
sonnel is a question of paramount. importance, as the present. staff is
fully occupied in the various duties that come under its scope, and
there is constant need for additional assistance, as many important
tasks now have to be postponed, this postponement sometimes run-
ning for several years.
This situation will be aggravated foetine the coming year, as. hmtlen
is Economy Act all funds accumulated as.a result of lapses. in
regular positions are impounded for return to the Treasury. Moneys
accumulated from such lapses have been the principal means of
hiring temporary employees, so that little of the usual temporary
help will be available during 1983. This means that numerous tasks
will be at a complete standstill and that the arrearage at cue eas Oe
the year will be considerable..:
Further, the appropriations for the National Mincenni above the
bry rolls have not been STAGE — the regular routine: es
aed a 15 *
16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
tures, these sums having been supplemented by accumulations from
lapses due to temporary vacancies in regular positions on the salary
roll. Under the Economy Act, as stated above, these funds are
all impounded for return to the Treasury, so that the Museum in
1933, in addition to its situation with regard to temporary help, will
find itself more than $10,000 short of the funds necessary for regular
routine expenditures.
Curtailment in appropriation for printing and binding for the
fiscal year 1933 has placed the National Museum in a situation where
the usual publications can not be issued. This will result in the
postponement of many valuable papers whose contents should be
made available for general public use.
ADDITIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY BUILDING
In the report for last year there was mention of the provision in
the second deficiency bill for 1931 of an appropriation of $10,000
for the preparation of preliminary plans for additions to the Natural
History Building. It will be recalled that the extension of the
Natural History Building, through wings on the east and west ends,
at a cost of $6,500,000, was authorized in the Smoot-Elliott bill,
approved by the President on June 19, 1930. ‘The executive com-
mittee of the Board of Regents selected the Allied Architects (Inc.)
of Washington to make the necessary plans. ‘The work has pro-
_ gressed rapidly and efficiently under the direction of Nathan Wyeth,
so that these plans are now in hand.
An estimate for $1,200,000 for a first appropriation to begin con-
struction was included in the items submitted to the Bureau of the
Budget for the fiscal year 1933, it being considered that this would
suffice for excavation, foundations, and similar items, with the ex-
pectation that contracts would be made covering the continuance of
the work. Due to the financial situation which arose and the neces-
sary restriction that this imposed on the National Budget, it was
not practicable to include this item in the estimates finally sub-
mitted to the Congress, nor was there later opportunity to consider
it favorably. The matter has rested at this point pending more
favorable opportunity.
It is highly important that construction should be begun as soon
as financial conditions will permit. The addition in space that these
new wings will bring is seriously needed, since-the present Museum
buiidings are so badly crowded as to interfere with logical exhibi-
tion and storage collections, and there can be no expansion. The
matter is particularly important in view of the many excellent
specimens that are constantly offered that form highly desirable
additions to the national collections. Many expedients are adopted
to provide additional storage facilities, but we are about at the end
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ike
of our resources in this respect. It must be anticipated that more
than two years will be required before the new area is ready for
occupancy after construction is begun, so that work on the wings
should commence as soon as practicable.
Final completion of the additions to the Natural History nila
ing will provide properly for the Museum’s needs in one direction,
but other collections require more adequate housing than can be
given them with the existing structures. The great collections in
en gineering, aviation, textiles, history, and associated fields are at
present in the old Museum Building, constructed in 1881 at a cost
of $225,000, and in a temporary building south of the Smithsonian
Building that houses most of the aircraft. Both buildings are
crowded to such an extent that many desirable objects offered for
the national collections can not be accepted because there is no room
for them. Plans should be drawn as soon as possible for a large
building to house the collections concerned with arts and industries,
including’ aircraft; that will provide proper facilities for these im-
portant collections. There should be, further, a separate building
for the great historical collections, in which there are found such
objects as relics of Washington, Lincoln, and many other illustrious
Americans; the original Star-Spangled Banner; the great series of
costumes, particularly those of the wives of the Presidents; and
many other objects of pride to our Nation, which should be dis-
played in proper form for the thousands of visitors who come
annually to Washington.
COLLECTIONS
Additions to the collections of the National Museum during the
fiscal year amounted to 157,870 individual specimens, a number con-
siderably less than that of the last few years but one that must be
considered-normal, sinee-im prévious:accounts there had: been includéd’
large private collections coming as gifts or extended series of speci-
mens. from prolonged leetiat: in the field. Materials of vari-
ous kinds received for examination and report amounted to 12,060
lots. Gifts of duplicate materials to schools and other educational
organizations included 6,299 specimens, while exchanges of duplicate
materials with other institutions and with individuals amounted to
11,621 specimens, for which there were received in return material
needed for our collections. Loans to scientific workers outside of
Washington totaled 36,639 specimens.
Following is a digest of the more important accessions for the year
in the various departments and divisions of the Museum:
Anthropology.—A plaster cast of the famous bison carved in clay
by Upper Paleolithic sculptors from the cave of Tuc d’Audoubert,
Ariége, France, was obtained through arrangements made by J.
Townsend Russell, and purchased and presented by the Old World
18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
archeology fund administered by the Smithsonian Institution.
There came also a valuable collection of stone artifacts of Aurignacian
age from three localities in the French Pyrenees collected by Mr.
Russell as field director, under the Smithsonian Institution, of the
Franco-American Union for Prehistoric Research in France.. There
were further collections of artifacts from several prehistoric sites
in Europe and North Africa presented by Mr. Russell from his
own collections.. In Alaska Dr. AleS Hrdli¢ka collected on Kodiak
Island a series of stone, bone, and wooden implements of a type not
previously known, and from the region about Bristol Bay and from
Kodiak Island an important series of human skeletons. M. W. Stir-
ling forwarded a large collection of costumes and implements from
the Indians of Panama, with additional materials from northwestern
South Africa. From Nigeria and the Gold Coast of Africa, C. C.
Roberts sent further collections of native materials, including pot-
tery, textiles, brass castings, and many other objects.. Through, Mrs.
Charles D. Walcott there were obtained from Hawaii several ancient
poi bowls cut from wood, which are new to the Museum’s collections.
- Biology.—An. interesting collection of birds, mammals, reptiles,
and plants was obtained by Mrs. L. O. Sordahl while at the solar
observatory of the Smithsonian Institution on Mount Brukkaros in
Southwest Africa. This arid region is one that has been little vis-
ited by naturalists and one from which the National Museum has had
little material previously. Dr. Hugh M. Smith, fisheries adviser to
the Government of Siam, forwarded further collections of birds,
mammals, reptiles, fish, and mollusks, so that the series from Siam
is of steadily growing importance. W. G. Sheldon and Richard
Borden presented an important collection of mammals made in Brit-
ish Columbia from. regions which have not previously been repre-
sented in the Museum. These gentlemen: are continuing werk in-that.
area during the coming year, and further material may be expected.
The division of birds obtained 23 genera and 340 forms new to
its collections, a considerable number:coming from Africa through
funds supplied by. the late Marcus Daly. A huge specimen of the
ocean. sunfish estimated to weigh about 1,200:pounds, captured in nets
of the Bayhead Fisheries (Inc.), off the coast of New Jersey, was
presented through the Edward'C. Worden Laboratory of Millburn,
N.J. Additions to the collections of plants have included important
series from South America collected by E. G. Holt along the Bra-
zilian-Venezuelan frontier, presented by the National Geographic
Society, and further collections from eastern Peru mecsi atl as a yeas
from G. Klug, of Iquitos, Peru: .
Geology. —Through the income of the Roebling fund of ene Smith.
sonian Institution there were secured a number of valuable acces-
sions, among them a nugget of gold weighing 81 ounces troy from
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 19
Plumas County, Calif.; an example of leaf gold; specimens of rare
uranium minerals; and two flawless crystals-of aquamarine. To the
Canfield Collection there were added large exhibition slabs of crystal
dolomite, on which there are crystals of other interesting minerals,
and a large mass of smithsonite from New Mexico. Under the
Chamberlain fund there have been obtained a number of interesting
specimens of coral, illustrating its use as gem material. Additions
to the Isaac Lea collection include a carved vase of Siberian mala-
chite, and some fine opals from Mexico.
Through field investigations financed by the erin Institu-
tion there were obtained important collections of fossils, particularly
of mammals. Mr, Gilmore collected a considerable part of a large
ereodont, three partial skeletons of Coryphodon, fossil turtles,
several skulls of a primitive alligator (Allognathosuchus) and some
remains of the giant flightless bird Dzatryma. N.H. Boss collected
a series of fossil horse bones from the quarry near Hagerman, Idaho,
that included 32 skulls and 4 partly articulated skeletons, adding
measurably to our series of the Pliocene horse Plesippus shoshonensis.
The United States Geological Survey transferred several sets of
rocks and ores and valuable collections of fossil plants. The fourth
shipment of the private collection of Dr. A. Foerste, numbering
about 10,000 specimens, came during the year as a gift. Through
the Springer fund there were obtained some excellently preserved
echinoids from the Cretaceous deposits of Texas, and several slabs
of slate from the Devonian of Germany carrying ae pone of
crinoids preserved i in pyrite.
- Arts and Industries—In the Division of Sanheaice a full- size
model of a soft-coal mine was under construction, for itech several
companies contributed: materials such as safety jaar eviwiried: halts
mine cars, and mine timbers, that will make a most attractive exhibit
when assembled. The section of aeronautics received from the Auto-
giro Co..of America the first autogiro to fly in this country—an
invention of Juan de la Cierva. This interesting machine was flown
to Washington by James Ray, vice president of the Autogiro Co.
of. America, and was landed in a narrow space on the lawn in front
of the Arts and Industries Building, where it was formally pre-
sented for the Museum. The Packard Motor Car Co. presented ‘to
the National Aircraft Collection the original Packard-Diesel aircraft
engine. For the collection illustrating the development of land
transportation there. was received an sles brougham.of about the
year 1900, a gift from Mrs. Herbert Wadsworth.
.For ihe collection showing. the deyelopment of time Remiaer fe
oi of Frederick, Md., presented. a tower-clock movement made
about 1791 that was continuously in use as the town clock until a
few years ago.
20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
From Mrs. Daniel Gardner the Division of Textiles received a
notable series of specimens illustrating the textile art and related
subjects of the early nineteenth century. These included hand-
woven blankets, bed linens made from hand-spun yarns, Paisley and
India shawls, coverlets, and baskets. Through exchange with Yale
University, School of Forestry, the wood collections received a set
of 116 Liberian woods collected where extensive forests were being
cleared for rubber planting.
History—The division of history obtained as its outstanding
addition a series of 71 paintings by the late J. L. Gerome Ferris,
presented by Mrs. Ferris, the set representing the life work of this
well-known American artist. The pictures illustrate notable events
in American history from the time of the discovery to the World
War; a number deal with the career of George Washington. The
personnel of the Eighty-first Division, A. E. F., presented a portrait
of Maj. Gen. Charles J. Bailey, painted by Joseph Cummings Chase.
The Chase Collection of A. E. F. portraits in the National Museum
now includes 48 paintings. For the antiquarian collections Mrs.
Eleanore Daughaday Hertle, through her husband, Louis Hertle,
gave a topaz necklace presented to Mrs. James Monroe by her hus-
band, James Monroe, when he was United States minister to France.
Through the Joint Committee on the Library the Congress of the
United States loaned to the National Museum the Washington me-
morial window, a stained-glass panel by Maria Herndl representing
George Washington on horseback conferring with Lafayette and Von
Steuben. A large collection of chinaware, glassware, silverware,
and other household objects of the early part of the nineteenth cen-
tury was presented by Mrs. Daniel Gardner.
The collection of military uniforms of the World War period was
augmented by a series of military uniforms and equipment of the
type‘ used-by the-enlisted: men: of the Portuguese «Army: contributed.
by the Government of Portugal through its minister in Washington.
The American Numismatic Society continued its additions to its
large and interesting loan collection of coins. The philatelic collec-
tion received more than 4,000 specimens by transfer from the United
States Post Office Department—chiefly sets of new issues distributed
by the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union.
MEETINGS AND RECEPTIONS
The lecture rooms and auditorium were used during the past
year for 118 meetings, covering the usual wide range of activities.
Full report on these will be found in the report of the United States
-- National: Museum, separately published.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 21
CHANGES IN EXHIBITIONS
Following renovation of the Aircraft Building as a safeguard
against fire, the collections in aeronautics were rearranged and the
building was opened once more to the public. In the Arts and
Industries Building a new case was constructed for the Star-
Spangled Banner, the case being one of the largest in the Museum,
displaying the entire design of this important flag. The new instal-
lation has proved most attractive, making this historic emblem one of
the dominating features of the north hall, where it shows to great
advantage. The naval collection shown formerly in the rotunda of
the Natural History Building was transferred in the late winter and
early spring to the northwest court of the Arts and Industries Build-
ing, this move bringing all of the historical collections together.
As another major feature in connection with the historical series,
the Ferris collection of paintings was installed in specially built
alcoves along the south side of the costumes hall. Here they make.
a most attractive display with specially arranged lighting. The
paintings have been placed behind glass for protection.
The historical relics concerning George Washington were all as-
-sembled in the north hall, where they are shown more conveniently
and attractively for visitors during the Bicentennial celebration.
For the period of the Bicentennial a special exhibition, principally
of statuary, was installed in the National Gallery of Art, with exten-
sion into the rotunda of the Natural History Building. The greater
part of the foyer was allotted also for a temporary exhibit of the
National Capital Park and Planning Commission dealing with the
development of the city of aching.
EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK
Investigations in the field have included researches concerned with
man, with fossil creatures of many kinds, and with various phases of
living animal and plant life. The work has been carried on mainly
through grants from the Smithsonian Institution, assisted by contri-
butions from individuals, while certain projects were financed
through the income of special funds under jurisdiction of the Smith-
sonian. A brief account of field work for the present year follows.
Through the financial assistance of Dr. W. L. Abbott, long a friend
of the Smithsonian Institution, Herbert W. Krieger, curator of eth-
nology, carried on archeological investigations in Cuba in continua-
tion of work of a similar nature that he has pursued for several years
in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. His investigations covered a
variety of sites between Camaguey and the extreme western end of
22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
the island, with additional studies on the Isle of Pines. The collec-
tions from these investigations have been considerable; they indicate
important evidence in the correlation and asiabaten of the See
historic human cultures of the West Indian area.
Mr. Krieger was also occupied at various times in exploring
Indian village sites in the lower Potomac area not far from Wash-
ington. In the course of this work he has prepared a map showing
the location of known sites and has attempted to correlate data re-
covered with descriptions of such sites in the works of Captain John
Smith and others. The work, when completed, will result in im-
portant information, as except for the writings of Smith and
Raleigh we have practically nothing in the nature of a historical
description of the Indians of tidewater Virginia and of the Carolinas.
Archeological work in northern Alaska was carried on during the
summer by James A. Ford and Moreau B. Chambers under the
general direction of H. B. Collins, jr., who has been working in this
area for several years. Mr. Chambers excavated for three months
at Gambell, St. Lawrence Island, where during the summer of 1930
Mr. Collins had found an unbroken sequence of Eskimo occupation
extending from an early phase of the old Bering Sea culture to the
present time. Mr. Chambers’s work added to ‘the completeness of
this chronological record, bringing especially further evidence of the
transitional phase between the old Bering Sea and the Punuk periods.
Mr. Ford proceeded to Point Barrow, but ice conditions in the
Arctic were the worst in many years, so that he did not arrive until
late in August, when the ground was beginning to freeze. Arrange-
ments were therefore made for him to stay at Barrow over the winter
in order to get in a full season of excavation in 1932. During the
winter he was occupied in various studies pertaining to the modern
Eskimo.
Neil M. Judd, curator of archeology, was engaged in an archeologi-
cal reconnaissance on the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Ariz., on
behalf of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Several caves near
Arsenic Spring, on the southwest slopes of the Nantac Plateau, shel-
tered small pueblo ruins whose associated pottery fragments suggest
occupancy in the thirteenth century or later.
F. M. Setzler, assistant curator of archeology, continued work in
the Big Bend region of southern Texas, an area heretofore unknown
archeologically that is thought to conceal important information
relative to prehistoric contacts between the tribes of northeastern
Mexico and those of the lower Mississippi Valley. Materially aided
by the staff of the Plant Quarantine and Control Administration,
United States Department of Agriculture, at Alpine, Mr. Setzler
centered his recent explorations in the Chisos Mountains district,
overlooking the Rio Grande. A number of important caves in this
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 23
region were investigated and various other examinations were made
that correlate with results obtained last year in Presidio County to
the west. .
During the past year the cooperative agreement between the
Smithsonian Institution and the University of Toulouse for the ex-
cavation of prehistoric sites in France, arranged by J. Townsend
Russell, collaborator in Old World archeology, as representative of
the Smithsonian Institution, became formally effective. In July,
1981, as field director of the Smithsonian Institution-University of
Toulouse researches in prehistory, financed by the Institution from
the Old World archeology fund, Mr. Russell initiated excavations
in the cave of Marsoulas, in the commune of the same name, Depart-
ment of Haute-Garonne, southern France. Count Henri Begouen,
professor of prehistory at the University of Toulouse, participated
in the investigations as representative of the university. Exploratory
soundings were also made in the near-by cave of Tarte, in the cave
of Roquecourbere, one of the two sites of Solutrean age in the
Pyrenees, and in the workshop of Roquecourbere. In consequence
of this preliminary work a formal agreement was signed on Novem-
ber 27 for cooperative work between the University of Toulouse and
the Smithsonian Institution in the-same general region during a
period of 10 years.
It is a privilege to be able thus to join with the University of
Toulouse in researches which should contribute new information to
our present knowledge of Paleolithic man. While the cooperative
agreement provides that the rarest objects remain in France, the
generosity of the University of Toulouse is apparent from the fact
that it retained only two of the, specimens found during the pre-
liminary work of the season of 1931. Thus it is to be expected that
respresentative series of artifacts will come to help fill the very
considerable gaps in the National Museum’s limited exhibits of
European prehistory.
At the opening of the fiscal year Dr. AleS Hrdlitka, curator of
physical anthropology, was engaged in anthropological and archeo-
logical investigations in Alaska that included the lower Nushagak
River, Bristol Bay, the Iliamna Lake regions, portions of Kodiak
Island and adjacent areas. Interesting results were obtained
throughout, with especially important materials coming from
Kodiak Island, where there was found abundant evidence of a culture
that shows evidence of considerable age. This shows interesting
relationships on one hand to the Eskimo and on the other to the
Northwest coast area. In May, 1932, Doctor Hrdlitka returned to
Alaska on his fifth expedition to that interesting area, centering his
efforts this year on the Kodiak Island deposits discovered at the
close of the season last year. Through the interest of Mrs. Charles
24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
D. Walcott he was provided with a small motorboat for use in the
bays about the coast of the island.
Dr. Walter Hough, head curator of the department of anthro-
pology, examined the archeological field opened up by Dr. Byron
Cummings around Tucson, Ariz., where huge adobe walled ruins
are being excavated.
Work abroad in the interests of the Springer Collection, again
undertaken by Dr. R. S. Bassler, head curator of the Department
of Geology, embraced a study of the crinoid collections of various
museums, particularly in England, Austria, and Hungary, and ex-
plorations in certain of the classic geologic areas of these countries.
The entire trip was very successful and resulted in many casts of
fossil echinoderm types, particularly Silurian crinoids hitherto
wanting in the collections.
Dr. W. F. Foshag, curator of mineralogy and petrology, engaged
in explorations in the States of Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas,
and Queretaro, Mexico, under the auspices of the Roebling fund of
the Smithsonian Institution. Complete series of the rocks and ores
of the districts visited were collected, resulting in many important.
additions to the Roebling Collection in the National Museum.
James Benn, junior aid in the Department of Geology, made cer-
tain collections in southern New York and northern New Jersey.
Of particular interest are fine examples of fluorescent minerals ob-
tained at Franklin Furnace, N. J.
Late in the year E. P. Henderson, assistant curator of physical
and chemical geology, traveling under the Canfield fund of the
Smithsonian Institution, was detailed to collect in Montana, Utah,
and Colorado, with certain needs of the collections as his objective.
He was accompanied by F. A. Gonyer, representing the mineralogical
department of Harvard University.
For the advancement of his work on the Cambrian, Dr. Charles E.
Resser, curator of stratigraphic paleontology, spent four months in
a study of early Paleozoic fossils in European museums and in con-
sultation with geologists concerning the local stratigraphy of the
neighboring areas. His work began in Norway and Sweden and
extended to Czechoslovakia, Poland, Estonia, Germany, and England.
His major objectives were attained to a greater degree than expected,
and in addition much new material was secured for the Museum by
exchange arrangements.
Dr. G. A. Cooper, assistant curator of stratigraphic paleontology,
collected during his vacation, at his own expense, in classical De-
vonian localities in New York State. At the close of his work he
presented to the Museum more than 2,500 specimens.
The field explorations of C. W. Gilmore, curator of vertebrate
paleontology, covering the Miocene and Oligocene formations of
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 25
southwestern Montana, and the Wasatch of the Bighorn Basin, Wyo.,
met with gratifying success. The material collected will fill long-
existing gaps in the collections, and it is anticipated that study will
reveal many undescribed forms.
Excavations were continued in the fossil-horse quarry near Hager-
man, Idaho, under the direction of Norman H. Boss, chief preparator
in the division of vertebrate paleontology, resulting in the recovery
of 4 more or less complete articulated skeletons, 32 skulls, 48 jaws,
and a vast assemblage of skeletal parts.
The Walter Rathbone Bacon traveling scholarship under the
Smithsonian Institution has been awarded for the current period to
Alan Mozley for study of the land and fresh-water molluscan fauna
of Siberia. Mr. Mozley left for the field in the spring of 1932 and
proceeded to Tomsk, Siberia, where he intends to establish head-
quarters for this year’s exploration. Mr. Mozley reports that he will
make an expedition to the mouth of the River Ket, and later, after
returning to Tomsk, will make an excursion south into the Akhmo-
linsk Steppe. He reports cordial cooperation of the local authorities
and scientific institutions.
Dr. J. M. Aldrich, curator of insects, collected Diptera in the Gaspé
Peninsula of eastern Quebec. He obtained a large collection of flies,
establishing the fact that a large number of southern species have a
much wider distribution northwards than has hitherto been sup-
posed, though the lower St. Lawrence River appears to form a sufli-
cient barrier against the spread of the northern flies southward, as
no striking forms of the Labrador fauna were found.
Dr. Paul Bartsch, curator of mollusks, with financial assistance
from the Carnegie Institution of Washington, again visited the
Florida Keys to examine the Cerion colonies planted during previ-
ous years to determine the effect on these mollusks of changes in
environment, as well as of hybridization, a work in which the Smith-
sonian Institution and the Carnegie Institution have cooperated
since 1912.
Gerrit S. Miller, jr., curator of mammals, traveling at his own ex-
pense, with some assistance from the Smithsonian for the hire of
labor, visited Puerto Rico during March and April with the main
object of continuing his studies of the recently extinct mammal
fauna of the Greater Antilles. Important localities were investi-
gated and many specimens were obtained representing mammals,
reptiles, batrachians, plants, and aboriginal artifacts.
Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, curator of marine invertebrates, with the
cooperation of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, continued a
survey of the carcinological fauna of the Tortugas region at the
Carnegie Marine Laboratory at Tortugas.
144136—32——3,
26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
Dr. Hugh M. Smith, in Siam, continued explorations throughout
the year, sending to the National Museum large collections of ver-
tebrates and mollusks which have been found to include numerous
forms new to science. Thanks to Doctor Smith, the Museum is
assembling a most excellent representation of the life of a region
from which it had previously possessed little material.
W. G. Sheldon and Richard Borden, interested particularly in
mammals, arranged a 3-month trip at their own expense into north-
eastern British Columbia, where they secured for the Museum a
considerable collection that contains many forms of especial interest.
The principal objective was to obtain specimens of a peculiar form
of mountain sheep and as representative a series of other mammals
as possible, in which the collectors were highly successful. The col-
lections, including certain birds as well as mammals, have been pre-
sented to the National Museum. Thanks are due the Canadian Gov-
ernment for the necessary permits covering the taking of scientific
specimens.
Dr. A. Wetmore, assistant secretary, visited the Bear River
marshes at the northern end of Great Salt Lake, Utah, where he
obtained various specimens of birds required in the Museum series.
The region is one famous for its waterfowl, being now in large part
included in a Federal refuge, and is an area from which the Museum
has extensive collections.
BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT
The erection of the steel galleries in the Natural History Build-
ing for the mammal collections was completed at the end of August.
A pneumatic collecting and conveying system for removing sawdust
from the two woodworking rooms in the carpenter shop was in-
stalled, an important improvement long needed.
The power plant was in operation from October 5, 1931, until May
27, 1932. The consumption of coal during the year was 3,220.4 tons,
at an average cost per ton of $5.03. The total electric current pro-
duced amounted to 628,578 kilowatt-hours, at a cost of 1.65 cents a
kilowatt-hour. The ice plant manufactured 424.2 tons of ice at an
average cost of. $2.36 a ton.
MISCELLANEOUS
The exhibition halls of the National Museum were open during the
year on week days from 9 a. m. to 4.30 p. m. and on Sundays from
1.30 p. m. to 4.30 p. m., with the exception of the Aircraft Building,
which was open only on week days. All buildings remained closed
during the day on Christmas and on New Year’s.
Visitors for the year totaled 1,630,030, a decrease of 39,110 from
the record of the preceding year, this difference being due partly to
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 2.
the fact that the Aircraft Building was closed on Sundays. Attend-
ance in the several buildings was recorded as follows: Smithsonian
Institution, 241,844; Arts and Industries Building, 675,485; Natural
_ History Building, 600,535; Aircraft Building, 112,216. The average
daily attendance for week days was 4,237 and for Sunday 5,927.
During the year the Museum published 10 volumes and 57 separate
papers, while the distribution of volumes and separates to libraries
and individuals aggregated 101,975 copies. In addition, 18,805 copies
of publications issued during this and previous years were supplied
in response to special requests.
In the Department of Arts and Industries the divisions of mineral
and mechanical technology were consolidated on July 18, 1931, as a
division of engineering, under Carl W. Mitman as curator. Dr. T.
Dale Stewart was appointed assistant curator of the division of
physical anthropology on July 1, 1931, and Horace G. Richards, who
served as senior scientific aid in the division of mollusks from Oc-
tober 5, 1931, was given appointment on March 16, 1932, as assistant
curator of the division. Dr. Charles L. Gazin on March 1, 1932, suc-
ceeded the late Dr. James W. Gidley as assistant curator in the divi-
sion of vertebrate paleontology, and Joseph H. Riley on June 24,
1932, succeeded the late Dr. Charles W. Richmond as associate cura-
tor in the Division of Birds. Dr. C. W. Stiles was given the honor-
ary designation of associate in zoology under the Smithsonian Insti-
tution October 1, 1931, and Dr. Maurice C. Hall was appointed to the
custodianship of the helminthological collections from the same date.
Dr. D. C. Graham’s association with the Museum was recognized by
his appointment on October 19, 1931, as collaborator in biology, an
honorary title which was also extended at the same time to Dr. A. K.
Fisher. Dr. C. Dwight Marsh was appointed custodian of fresh-
water copepods in the division of marine invertebrates on July 10,
1931, and J. Townsend Russell’s honorary appointment as collabora-
tor in Old World archeology was extended for one year from May 13,
1932.
The following employees left the service through operation of the
retirement act: Charles S. Atkins, laborer; Frederick W. Wilson,
guard; Evan D. Lewis, guard; and Miss K. A. Gallaher, under
library assistant. Further, under compulsory retirement for age
provided as an economy measure in the legislative appropriation act
for 1933, 12 employees went off the rolls at the close of the fiscal
year, several having served the Museum long in positions of trust
and authority. The list follows: William de C. Ravenel, adminis-
trative assistant to the secretary, with 48 years of service; Barton A.
Bean, assistant curator of fishes, with 51 years of service; James G.
Trayler, appointment clerk, with 50 years of service; Harry C.
Taylor, chief of the paint shop, with 44 years of service; Andrew
28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
Lee Young, assistant to the engineer, with 41 years of service;
Richard A. Allen, senior scientific aid in the department of anthro-
pology, with 35 years of service; Carl A. Carlsson and Lewis Jones,
guards; William Jones, under mechanic, with 23 years of service;
and Charles S. Washington, Albert Strong, and James S. Peyton,
laborers, with 36, 28, and 15 years, respectively.
Through death the Museum lost five workers from its active roll,
as follows: Dr. Charles W. Richmond, associate curator of birds,
May 19, 1932; Dr. James W. Gidley, assistant curator of mammalian
fossils, September 26, 1931; William S. Frazee, guard, March 15,
1932; Michael A. Coleman, guard, May 17, 1932; Mrs. Theresa Dim-
mick, forewoman of charwomen, on October 18, 1931.
From its honorary list of workers the Museum lost by death Dr.
David Starr Jordan, associate in zoology, on September 19, 1931, and
Dr. C. Dwight Marsh, custodian of fresh-water copepods, on April
23, 1932. The Museum lost a benefactor of note by the death of
Rudolf Eickemeyer, of Yonkers, N. Y., on April 24, 1932. A few
years ago Mr. Eickemeyer presented the Museum with his unique
collection of pictorial photographs and historical specimens relating
to photography, and by his will established a trust fund of $10,000,
the income of which after the death of his widow is to be used for
maintenance and collection in the section of photography.
Respectfully submitted.
ALEXANDER WETMORE,
Assistant Secretary.
Dr. C. G. Apsor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 2
REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my report on the opera-
tions of the National Gallery of Art for the fiscal year ending June
380, 1932.
The year has not been marked by any event of unusual importance
or by the addition of art collections of exceptional value. The most
noteworthy event of the year was the assignment of certain portions
of the gallery space to the George Washington Bicentennial Com-
mission for its exhibits of art works during 1932. Certain radical
changes in the exhibition spaces were required; and since the gallery
occupies the north hall of the National Museum, all changes made
were directed by the officers of the Museum.
During the year much progress has been made toward the com-
pletion of the gallery card catalogues, which are (1) a comprehensive
general catalogue of the art works of the Institution, not, however,
including the Freer collection; (2) a portrait catalogue (275 num-
bers); (3) a catalogue of loans (64 numbers), and (4) a catalogue
of the Ranger purchases from the beginning (99 numbers).
THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART COMMISSION
The eleventh annual meeting of the gallery commission was held
at the Smithsonian Institution on December 8, 1931. The members
present were Gari Melchers, chairman; Frank J. Mather, jr., vice
chairman; W. H. Holmes, secretary; and Charles L. Borie, jr., James
E. Fraser, Charles Moore, E. C. Tarbell, and Dr. Charles G. Abbot,
ex officio. The following officers, whose terms expired automatically
on this date, were reelected to serve during the ensuing year: Gari
Melchers, chairman; Frank J. Mather, jr., vice chairman; and
William H. Holmes, secretary of the commission. The following
members were recommended to serve for the succeeding term of four
years: James EK. Fraser, Joseph H. Gest, Frank J. Mather, jr., and
Edmund C. Tarbell. The death of the following members of the
commission was announced: James Parmelee, on April 19, 1931;
Daniel Chester French, on October 7, 1931; and W. K. Bixby, on
October 29, 1931. Col. George B. McClellan, Thomas Cochran, and
Paul Manship were recommended to fill the vacancies thus occa-
sioned. (Mr. Cochran declined.)
29
30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
Favorable report was made on acceptance of the following art
works:
Portrait of Henry Ward Ranger, by Albert Neuhuys, presented by Frederick
Ballard Williams.
Portrait of Henry Ward Ranger, by Alphonse Jongers, presented by James
B. Fraser.
Painting by Emanuel Leutze (1816-1868), the preliminary sketch for his
great fresco in the Capitol Building at Washington, known as Westward the
Course of Empire Takes Its Way. Presented to William H. Seward by the
artist. Bequest of Miss Sara Carr Upton.
SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS
An exhibition of paintings made in Spain and exhibited in the
Salon de Exposiciones del Museo Nacional de Arte Moderno, Madrid,
in 1928, as “ Corners in Spain,” the work of Wells M. Sawyer, was
held from October 24 to November 30, 1931. It comprised 44 oil
paintings and 24 water colors. Cards for the opening view were
issued, and a catalogue was supplied by the gallery.
An exhibition in honor of the bicentennial of the birth of George
Washington, of paintings, sculpture, plans of Washington City, etc.,
was opened under the auspices of the United States Bicentennial Com-
mission and the National Commission of Fine Arts. Participating
societies include the National Sculpture Society, National Capital
Park and Planning Commission, National Gallery of Art, American
Society of Landscape Architects, American City Planning Institute,
National Society of Mural Painters, American Academy in Rome,
American Institute of Architects, American Federation of Arts, and
National Conference on City Planning. Invitations for the open-
ing exercises on March 26 were issued by the commission, and a
catalogue of exhibits has been made available by the District of
Columbia George Washington Bicentennial Commission. The ex-
hibition will ciose on Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1932.
ART WORKS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR
Accessions of art works by the Smithsonian Institution, subject
to transfer to the National Gallery on approval of the advisory com-
mittee of the National Gallery of Art Commission, are as follows:
Portrait of Henry Ward Ranger, by Alphonse Jongers, A. N. A.,
formerly lent by the Council of the National Academy of Design.
Gift of James Earle Fraser, New York, N. Y. (Accepted by the
commission December 8, 1931.)
Portrait of Maj. Gen. Henry Tureman Allen, United States Army,
and portrait of Gen. Robert Lee Bullard, LL. D., United States
Army, by Seymour Stone. Gift of Chester D. Pugsley, Peekskill,
1 Bae
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 31
Portrait of Rear Adm. Richard Evelyn Byrd, United States
Navy (ret.), by Seymour Stone. Gift of the artist.
Two water-color paintings of British India: Peshawar City from
the Fort, and Street in Ajmor, by William Spencer Bagdatopoulos.
Gift of the artist.
Portrait of Dr. William H. Holmes, by E. Hodgson Smart. Gift
of the artist.
John Gellatly added three framed photographs to the contents
of the portfolio of the Gellatly Collection—one of himself, one of a
portrait bust of himself by Serge Youriévitch, and one of the royal
coat of arms of Scotland. The latter bears the label:
The great Scotch authority decided that the Gellatly family’s ancestor was
the Scotch King William the Lion who reigned as Kinz of Scotland from the
year 1165 to the year 1214, and as Royal blood flows through the Gellatly
veins they are entitled to use as their own the Royal armorial arms of
Scotland.
Portrait (full length) of John Gellatly, by Irving R. Wiles, N. A.
Gift of the artist to the Smithsonian Institution “for association
with the Gellatly Collection.” Deposited by the Smithsonian Insti-
tution.
LOANS ACCEPTED BY THE GALLERY
A painting by George DeForest Brush, N. A., entitled “Indian
Burial ”; lent by Mrs. George DeForest Brush.
Marble bust of Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United
States, and plaster bust of Gen. John J. Pershing, by Moses W.
Dykaar; lent by the sculptor.
Plaster bust of Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (1792-1822),
by William Ordway Partridge (1861-1930); lent by Mrs. William
_ Ordway Partridge.
Framed miniature of A Lady, by Alta E. Wilmot, as a good ex-
ample of American miniature painting of the present time; lent by
the artist.
Portrait of Gen. John J. Pershing, United States Army, and por-
trait of Adm. Wilham §S. Sims, United States Navy, by E. Hodg-
son Smart; lent by the artist.
Portrait of Mrs. Charles Eames, by S. Gambardella; lent for the
summer by Mrs. A. Gordon-Cumming.
DISTRIBUTIONS
Portrait of George Washington, by Rembrandt Peale, property of
Hon. Charles S. Hamlin; withdrawn by the owner.
Portrait of Alexander Hamilton, by John Trumbull, and portrait
of Fisher Ames, by Gilbert Stuart; withdrawn by their owner, Henry
Cabot Lodge, jr.
32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
Bust in plaster of Calvin Coolidge, by Moses W. Dykaar, a gift of
the sculptor to the gallery, and a similar bust of Gen. John J.
Pershing, lent by the sculptor, were withdrawn by Mr. Dykaar for
further work. The marble bust of Hon. Nicholas Longworth was
delivered to the custody of the United States Capitol.
Portrait of George Washington, by Charles Willson Peale, the
property of John §. Beck, Washington, D. C., and portrait of Dr.
William Shippen, by Gilbert Stuart, the property of Dr. L. P.
Shippen, Washington, D. C., were temporarily withdrawn by the
owners for the Bicentennial exhibition of portraits of George Wash-
ington and his associates at the Corcoran Gallery of Art. It is
expected that these will be returned to the gallery after the close of
the celebration, November 24, 1932.
The original working model in plaster of the bronze equestrian
statue of Lafayette erected in the Square of the Louvre by the school
children of the United States in 1901, a gift to the gallery from the
sculptor, Paul Wayland Bartlett, N. A. (1865-1925), was lent to Mrs.
Bartlett for a special exhibition of her husband’s works to be held at
the American Academy of Letters, New York City, opening Novem-
ber 12, 1931, to be returned about May 1, 1932. The statue has not
yet been returned to the gallery.
Four portraits—Adm. Holdup Stevens, 2d, by Robert Hinckley,
and Mrs. Stevens, his wife, artist unknown; Mrs. John Bliss, artist
unknown; and Hon. Eben Sage, by Chester Harding—were with-
drawn by the lender, Mrs. Frederick C. Hicks, Washington, D. C.
Portrait of George Washington; withdrawn by the owner, William
Patten, Rhinebeck, N. Y.
Five paintings—Madonna and Child, by Albertinelli; Portrait of
Christ, by Georgioni; The Doctor’s Visit, by Jan Steen; Baptism of
Christ, by Tiepolo; and Small Landscape, by Gainsborough—were
withdrawn from her collection by Mrs. Marshall Langhorne in
November, 1931. The Entombment, by Van der Weyden, has also
been withdrawn by Mrs. Langhorne to be restored and varnished.
A water-color painting, Dogwood Blossoms, by Elizabeth Muhl-
hofer; withdrawn by Miss Muhlhofer.
Portrait of Mrs. Charles Eames, by Gambardella, lent for the
summer by Mrs. A. Gordon-Cumming, was withdrawn in the autumn.
THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND PURCHASES
The paintings purchased during the year by the Council of the
National Academy of Design from the fund provided by the Henry
Ward Ranger bequest, which under certain conditions are prospec-
tive additions to the National Gallery collections, are as follows,
including the names of the institutions to which they have been
assigned :
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 393
Date of
Title rtist purchase Assignment
1931
85. Woman in Cloak___| Robert Henri, N, A__-_-_.._ December_..| Museum of Brooklyn Institute of
Arts and Sciences.
86. In My Studio__.--_- Leopold Seyffert, N. A_.__|_---- do_.....| Museum of Brooklyn Institute of
Arts and Sciences.
87. Eagle Lake----.-_-- Jonas Lie, N; A_----------}----- Goyacees Iowa Memorial Union, State Uni-
versity of lowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
88. Frances....---------- Frederick Karl Frieseke, |_--__ do._-_-- Washington County Museum of
N.A. Fine Arts, Hagesrtown, Md.
89 The Black Cloud__-| Eugene Higgins, N. A---_|_---- Glossy ee A. A, Anderson Gallery of Art, Col-
lege of William and Mary, Rich-
mond, Va.
1932
90. Summer-.___----__- W. L. Lathrop, N. A_--_-- January__--_- The Dudley Peter Allen Memorial
Art Museum, Oberlin College,
f Oberlin, Ohio.
91. Joseph Pennell____-- Wayman Adams, N. A_-_-_|_--.. doe saeaee Addison Gallery of American Art,
Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.
92. The Fall Season____-| Bruce Crane, N. A_.------|----- doses University of Nebraska, School of
Fine Arts, Lincoln, Nebr.
93. Street Shrine_-_-____ | Jerome Myers, N. A_.----]----_ do.---.- Museum of Brooklyn Institute of
Arts and Sciences.
94, Fishermen--_-------- Eric Hudson, A. N. A_-_-|_---. do_-----| Topeka High School, Topeka, Kans.
95, Nancy (palette- |} Geo. DeForest Brush, N. | February--_| California Palace of the Legion of
knife sketch). A. Honor, San Francisco, Calif.
96. New Year Shooter_-| George Luks__-------_---- dsrjoyell ee a Gallery of Fine Arts, Yale Univer-
sity, New Haven, Conn.
97. Snow Fields----_--_- Rockwell Kent___._-..----]----- do_.- -.| The Minneapolis Institute of Arts,
Minneapolis, Minn.
98. Shapes of Fear_____- Maynard Dixon_____-_---_|__-__ do.--..-| Museum of Brooklyn Institute of
} Arts and Sciences,
95. Kasterly Coming__-| Charles H. Woodbury, | June_-______ Society of Liberal Arts, Joslyn Me-
N.A. morial, Omaha, Nebr.
PUBLICATIONS
Hotmes, W. H. Report on the National Gallery of Art for the year ending
June 30, 1931. Appendix 2, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian In-
stitution for the year ending June 30, 1931, pp. 43-53.
Lover. J. EH. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30,
1931. Appendix 8, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
for the year ending June 30, 1931, pp. 54—59.
Catalogue of paintings made in Spain and exhibited in the Salon de Exposi-
ciones del Museo Nacional de Arte Moderno, as “ Corners in Spain,” the work
of Wells M. Sawyer, on view in the National Gallery of Art, United States
National Museum Building, October 24 to November 30, 1931. Pp. 1-9.
George Washington Bicentennial Exhibition of Commemorative Paintings,
Sculpture, and the Plan of Washington, at the National Gallery of Art, Con-
stitution Avenue at Tenth Street, Washington, D. C., March 26 to November
24, 1932. Prepared at the request of the United States George Washington
Bicentennial Commission by the National Commission of Fine Arts. This
catalogue is being made available by the District of Columbia George Wash-
ington Bicentennial Commission. Pp. 1-27.
The George Washington Bicentennial Frieze. Painted by a group of members
of the National Society of Mural Painters to commemorate the two hun-
dredth anniversary of the birth of George Washington, National Gallery
of Art, Washington, D. C., 19382. Pp. 1-14.
Respectfully submitted.
‘ W. H. Hormes, Director.
Dr. C. G. Axszort,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 3
REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY OF ART
Sir: I have the honor to submit the twelfth annual report on the
Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1982:
THE COLLECTIONS
Additions to the collections by purchase are as follows:
BOOKBINDING
31.80. Persian, 16th century. Painted lacquer binding of the volume Khusraw
ai-Shirin, by Nizami. (See below under Manuscripts, 31.29, and Paint-
ings, 31.31-81.37.)
BRONZE
32.13. Chinese, 3d century B. C. (?) Ch‘in dynasty (?). A ceremonial food
vessel with three ducks on the cover; the body has two annular
handles and is ornamented with two horizontal bands of interlacing
scroll design in delicate relief. Areas of green, blue, and red patination.
32.14. Chinese, Han dynasty (3d c. B. C.8d ec. A. D.). Fire-gilt dragon head:
A terminal ornament for a chariot pole. Areas of green patination.
82.15-32.16. Chinese, Han dynasty. Two chocks, possibly chariot fittings, orna-
mented with a formal design inlaid in gold and silver.
CERAMICS.
81.18. Chinese, 12th-13th century. Sung dynasty. Tz‘t-chou type. A tall,
wide-lipped flask, glazed in cream-white, and ornamented with a wide
band of carved floral design.
82.23. Persian, 12th-13th century. Rhages. Spouted pitcher with a bird in
high relief on the handle. Ornamented with a band of figures of men
and animals, in slight relief, showing traces of color and gold.
JADE
31.19. Chinese, Han dynasty. Oval cup, white, with flanged rim. The outer
surface ornamented with a “rice-grain” pattern, the inner with deli-
cate linear designs. The flanges are pierced.
MANUSCRIPTS
81.24. Arabic (Hgypt), 14th century. Illuminated title leaf from a Qur‘an.
Paper.
31.29. Persian, -15th century. A bound book, Khusraw wu-Shirin, by Nizami.
Painted lacquer binding (see above under Bookbinding, 31.30), illumi-
nated title leaf and six miniatures. (See below under Paintings,
31.31-31.37. )
34
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 35
32.1-32.2. Arabic (Hgypt), 14th-15th century. First two leaves from a Qur‘an;
32.3.
32.17.
32.18.
32.24.
81.20.
31.21.
31.22.
31.23.
31.25.
31.26.
31.27.
31.28.
31.31.
31.32.
31.33.
31.34.
31.35.
31.36.
31.37.
32.4.
32.5.
32.6.
32.7.
32.8.
gold and blue illuminations on paper.
Persian, early 16th century. A bound book, Mihr-ud-Mushtari, by ’Assar
of Tabriz; dated to correspond with A. D. 1522. WUluminated first leaf
and four miniatures. (See below under Paintings, 32.4-32.8.)
Arabic (Egypt), 16th century. The Qur‘dn, in one volume. Text in
black naskhi; richly illuminated; paper, untrimmed.
Armenian, 11th century. The Four Gospels in one volume (18th—19th
century binding). Parchment leayes. Text in vertical uncials, black
and golden; Ammonian sections in sloping uncials, golden. Illumi-
nated title pages, initials, and paragraphs, and 163 miniature paintings.
Color and gold.
Indian, 15th century, Gujarati. An illuminated scroll: Vasanta Vilasa,
a poem on spring. ‘Text in red, black, blue, and yellow; 79 miniatures.
Color on cotton.
PAINTINGS
Indian, Mughal, 17th century. School of Jahangir. An album leaf:
Darbar of Jahangir. Color and gold on paper.
Persian, 14th century, Mongol period. Leaf from a Shahnamanh: Siya-
wush taken prisoner by Afrasiyab. Color and gold on paper.
Persian, 15th century. Two leaves from a Laila u-Majnin:
The battle between the Arab chief Noufal and the tribe of Laila;
Majnun visited in the wilderness by the sheikh Salim.
Color and gold on paper.
Indian, late 16th century. School of Akbar. Four leaves from the orig-
inal MS. of the Tarikh-i-Aljft (Chronicle of a thousand years) :
The capture of Baghdad by Tahir ;
The Imam of Baghdad brought before the Caliph on a charge of heresy,
attributed to Basawan;
A banquet given by the Caliph al-Mutawakkil, by Tiriyya and BSD are
Muwayyad put to death in the ice.
Color and gold on paper.
Persian, 17th century. Leaf from a Khusraw u-Shirin, by Nizami (see
above under Manuscripts, 31.29). An interpolated painting of a later
date than the book, a Shi‘a subject showing the Prophet and ’Ali with
twelve companions. Color and gold on paper.
Persian, 15th century. Six leaves from a Khusraw u-Shirin, by Nizaimi
(see above under Manuscripts, 31.29) :
Khusraw catches sight of Shirin bathing in a pool;
A hunting scene;
The sculptor Farhad brought by Shapur into the presence of Shirin;
Shirin makes a visit to Farhad at work;
Khusraw returns to the castle of Shirin;
An illuminated frontispiece and head piece.
Color and gold on paper.
Persian, early 16th century. Five leaves from a Mihr a-Mushtari, by
’Assar of Tabriz. (See above under Manuscripts, 32.3) :
An illuminated frontispiece ;
Prince Mihr and his friend at school;
Mihr slays a lion at one blow;
Mihr feasted in a garden by the king of Khwarizm ;
The nuptials of Mihr and Nahid.
Color and gold on paper.
36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
32.9. Persian, 16th-17th century, Safavid school. By Aqa Riza. Lady with
afan. Color and gold on paper.
32.10. Indian, 17th century. Rajput. Pahari, Basohli school. A lady and
attendant beside a lotus pool. Color, gold and silver (oxidized) on
paper.
32.11. Indian, early 19th century, Rajput. Pahari, Kangra. Dressing the
bride. Color and gold on paper.
382.12. Indian, 18th-19th century. Rajput. Pahari, Garhwal. By Mola Ram
(1760-1833). Krsna holding the hill Govardhana to protect the people
of Brndaban and their cattle from the rain poured down by Indra.
Color and gold on paper.
82.19. Arabic (Northern Mesopotamia), middle 14th century. Leaf from a copy
after the 13th century treatise on Automata by al-Jazari: part of a
water-clock with the figure of a man seated on a balcony, the so-called
“Saladin” figure. Color and gold on paper.
Arabic, early 18th century. Baghdad school. By Abdallah ibn al-Fadl.
Three leaves from an Arabic translation of the pharmacological
treatise of Dioscorides:
382.20. Two physicians preparing medicine;
32.21. Two men preparing to sow seed;
82.22. A physician and his assistant under a fruit tree. Color and gold on
paper.
SILVER-GILT
31.17. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty. A covered cup, ornamented with delicate line
engraving.
Curatorial work within the collection has been devoted to the com-
pletion of a detailed study of a Japanese mandara painting (29.2) ;
to a study of the Indian manuscript, Vasanta Vilasa (82.24); to a
critical study of the ancient Armenian manuscript of the Four Gos-
pels (32.18)—a work still in progress at the time of this report; and
to the study and recording of inscriptions on certain Buddhist stone
sculptures and of inscriptions and seals on Chinese paintings. In
the section of Near Eastern painting, translations of the text on
recently acquired Persian manuscripts have been made and recorded,
and the subjects of the miniatures identified. Besides these textual
studies, the usual work involved in cataloguing new acquisitions in
metal, jade, bronze, and painting has occupied members of the staff.
The Fenollosa collection of lantern slides of Chinese, Japanese, and
other Eastern subjects, numbering approximately 3,000, all without
labels, as acquired by Mr. Freer in 1909, has been worked over, sub-
jects identified as far as possible, and the slides labeled and stored.
These are now available as illustrative material, in addition to the
Freer collection slides.
During the year 1,155 objects and 399 photographs of objects
were submitted to the curator by other institutions or by private
persons for expert opinion as to their identity, provenance, or histo-
rical or esthetic value. Twenty-six inscriptions were submitted for
translation. Reports on these things were made to owners or senders.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 37
THE LIBRARY
During the year the library has been increased by 254 volumes, 32
unbound periodicals, and 41 pamphlets. In addition, 122 bulletins,
reports, and catalogues were received.
Since the date of the last report the cataloguing of the brary has
been completed. Indexing of foreign periodical publications, includ-—
ing bound volumes of Kokka and T‘oung Pao, has been begun.
LECTURES
Lectures offered to the public during the past year have been as
follows: |
In November—A series of lectures with lantern slides on The
Literary Backgrounds of Islamic Painting in Persia, by Sir E. Deni-
son Ross, of the School of Oriental Studies, London—
November 21: The Epics.
November 23: Timurid Literature.
November 25: Safavid Literature.
On Friday, January 22, an illustrated lecture on the excavations
at the Tell Halaf in northern Syria, entitled “The Wonders of the
Tell Halaf,” by the excavator, Dr. Baron Max von Oppenheim.
On Tuesday, March 1, an illustrated lecture on The Ancient Art
of Siberia, by Dr. Alfred Salmony, director of the Museum fiir
Ostasiatische Kunst, Cologne.
ATTENDABCE
The gallery has been open every day from 9 until 4.30 o’clock, with
the exception of Mondays, Christmas Day, and New Year’s Day.
The total attendance of visitors coming in at the main entrance
was 122,940—week days, 78,247; Sundays, 44,698. This year the
average Sunday attendance was more than three times that of an
average week day, 859 being the average for Sunday and 251 that
for a week day. As before, the highest monthly total attendances
were reached in April (14,655) and August (12,653); the lowest
attendance was, as usual, in December (6,573).
The total lecture attendance was 825, with an average of 165. To-
gether with visitors admitted to the offices on Mondays (15), the
total attendance at the gallery during the year was 123,780.
There were 1,901 visitors to the offices during the year. Of these,
91 came for general information, 268 to see objects in storage, 37 to
examine the building and installation, 142 to study in the library,
187 to see the facsimiles of the Washington manuscripts, 35 to get
permission to make photographs and sketches, 229 to examine or
purchase photographs, 114 to submit objects for examination, 482
38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
to see members of the staff. Fifty-four groups, ranging from 1 to
43 persons (total, 168), were given docent service, and 15 groups,
ranging from 4 to 19 persons (total, 133), were given instruction in
the study rooms.
FIELD WORK
At the time of this writing a full report of recent archeological
work undertaken by the field staff in Shansi Province, China, is
being printed by Kelly & Walsh (Ltd.), of Shanghai. It will be
printed in both English and Chinese, arranged dos-d-dos, and il-
lustrated with numerous plates, line drawings, and plans.
A second and more comprehensive report, dealing with all the
work accomplished by the field staff since 1922, and especially with
the painted pottery sites excavated around Wan Ch‘iian in Shansi,
will follow the first. It will include several color plates, as well as
the usual illustrative material, and will also be printed in both
languages by the same firm.
PERSON NEL
Since October 28, Y. Kinoshita has been employed as mounter of
oriental paintings and is now permanently employed at the gallery.
On March 23, 1932, the Freer Gallery suffered a loss in the death
of Levin C. Handy, who since June 1, 1922, had done all of the
photographic work at the gallery.
William Acker, student assistant, having completed his studies at
the University of Leyden, is dn his way to Washington where he
will be attached to the Freer Gallery for the next several months.
Respectfully submitted.
J. E. Lopez, Curator.
Dr. C. G. Axzor,
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 4
REPORT ON THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera-
tions of the Bureau of American Ethnology during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1932, conducted in accordance with the act of Con-
gress approved February 23, 1931. The act referred to contains the
following item:
American ethnology: For continuing ethnological researches among the
American Indians and the natives of Hawaii, the excavation and preservation
of archeologic remains under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, in-
cluding necessary employees, the preparation of manuscripts, drawings, and
illustrations, the purchase of books and periodicals, and traveling expenses,
$72,640.
M. W. Stirling, chief, left New York on September 26, 1931, as a
member of the Latin American expedition to South America. The
first region visited by the expedition was the San Blas coast of
Panama. Here Mr. Stirling spent approximately a month in mak-
ing an ethnological survey of the Tule Indians. From Panama the
expedition proceeded to Ecuador, where three weeks were spent in
investigating archeological sites in the Andean highlands in the
vicinity of Cuenca. After crossing the Andes and descending to the
frontier post of Mendez, three months were spent among the Jivaro
Indians of the Santiago and Maranon Rivers. The expedition crossed
the mountains from Mendez to the upper Yaupe River. They then
descended the Yaupe to the Santiago, passing down this river to its
junction with the Maranon. Much of the time was spent living
with the Jivaros in their own houses, where Mr. Stirling was able to
record first-hand a considerable quantity of ethnological data. In
addition to this a collection was made representing the material
culture of the Indians of the region. After a short excursion up the
Alto Maranon, the expedition passed through the famous Pongo
Manseriche, descending by rafts to Iquitos, from which point the
collections were shipped by way of the Amazon River to the National
Museum. Mr. Stirling returned to Washington on April 26, 1932.
Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, was in the field from November
2 to December 6, 1931, his object being the location of the route fol-
lowed by De Soto and Moscoso through Arkansas and Louisiana
from 1541 to 1548. He was the guest for a part of this time of Col.
John R. Fordyce, of Hot Springs National Park, Ark. More suc-
cess was attained in determining the probable course of the Span-
39
40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
iards than had been anticipated. While in the field he also collected
linguistic material from the Tunica Indians near Marksville, La.
There are supposed to be only three individuals who can still use
the old tongue.
Dr. Swanton devoted a large part of his time to continuing prep-
aration of the Handbook of the Southeastern Indians, and a begin-
ning has been, made on a bulletin to include the linguistic material
of the Coahultecan tongues now extinct. The work of copying the
tribal map of the Indians of North America has been practically
completed.
Dr. Truman Michelson, ethnologist, was at work among the South-
ern Cheyenne at the beginning of the fiscal year. The object was
to restore phonetically some Cheyenne words previously extracted
from Petter’s Dictionary which were clearly Algonquian in origin.
Measurements were taken of some 23 subjects, and a good deal of
new ethnological information was obtained. Near the middle of
July Doctor Michelson left for Tama, Iowa, to obtain some addi-
tional material on Fox ceremonials. Early in August he left Iowa
and went among the Northern Cheyenne to restore the list of
Cheyenne words mentioned above according to Northern Cheyenne
phonetics. Incidentally a really representative group of Northern
Cheyenne were measured. A statistical study has shown that the
vault of the skull is decidedly low as compared with that of most
Algonquian peoples and rather resembles the skull of the Dakota
Sioux. In June, 1932, Doctor Michelson again left for the field.
He succeeded in gaining some important sociological data on the
Kiowa and obtained some new facts on Cheyenne linguistics,
sociology, and mythology.
John P. Harrington, ethnologist, made a thorough study of the
Indians of Monterey and San Benito Counties, in central California,
and investigated the little known Chingichngich culture of the coast
of southern California. Working with the oldest survivors of the
Costanoan and Esselen speaking Indians of Monterey and San
Benito Counties, Mr. Harrington found it possible by fully utilizing
all the early records and vocabularies to illuminate the former life
of these people and to define it as clearly as that of some of the better
known western groups. The study demonstrated that this culture
indicates a key region for central California ethnology, since it
proved to be a connecting link between the cultures of northern and
southern California. These Indians lived on a wooded mountain-
ous coast, the northern breaking down of the great Santa Lucia
Range, in a broad interior valley, known in early times as Ja canada
del rio de Monterey and now as the Salinas Valley, and in the hilly
region between coast and valley, and east of the valley. The region
was rich in fish, shellfish, game, and in vegetable foods and medic-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 41
inal herbs. Labor was roughly divided between men and women,
the men tending to the animal food and the women to the vegetable.
The houses were built of poles and thatch, shaped like a half
orange, with smoke hole at the top, and slightly sunk in the ground.
The people lived in villages and were governed by the village chief
and elders. One or more sweathouses were to be found at each vil-
lage. The people hardened themselves to going the year around with
little or no clothing in the mild climate, and the dense morning fogs
did not keep them from rising at daylight and taking the daily morn-
ing plunge. A bride was taken to live at the house of her husband’s
people or to a new house built near there. A captain, or even an
ordinary man, would sometimes have two or more wives, but monog-
amy was the rule. One of the important discoveries is that the
people had clans.
From July 1 to September 22, 1931, Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, jr.,
archeologist, continued excavations at the site 314 miles south of
Allantown, Ariz., where work was started in May of the previous
fiscal year. The Laboratory of Anthropology of Santa Fe, N. Mex.,
cooperated in the project through July and August. The summer’s
work resulted in the excavation of the subterranean portions of 14
structures. The excavations showed that several of the dwellings
had been destroyed by fire. The charred remnants of timbers lying
on the floors demonstrated clearly the method of roof construction.
The details were so clearly shown in one of the houses that it was
restored so that visitors to the site might see what dwellings of that
type were like. Two other pits were covered with shed roofs so that
they will be preserved for a long time to come. The Douglass method
of determination gave dates ranging from 814 to 916 A. D. On
February 1 Doctor Roberts left Washington for Yucatan, having
been detailed to the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the
capacity of consulting archeologist. He spent 10 days at Chichen
Itza, during which time he gained much first-hand information con-
cerning the character of the ancient Mayan civilizations, and also
visited Uxmal, the pyramids at San Juan de Teotihuacan, and sev-
eral other important archeological sites in the vicinity of Mexico
City. While in Mexico City he had the opportunity of seeing and
examining the various objects found at Monte Alban by the expedi-
tion under Prof. A. Caso. Doctor Roberts left Washington on May
21 to resume his researches at the site south of Allantown, Ariz.
Excavations were commenced on June 2, and by June 30 the remains
of two additional pit houses had been cleared of the accumulated
débris, and the remains of seven slab-lined storage cists uncovered.
In addition 15 burials belonging to the habitation group were found.
One of the pit structures uncovered had been destroyed by fire, and
— 144136—32——4 .
42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
the charred timbers furnished one of the earliest building dates thus
far obtained in the Southwest, namely, 797 A. D.
On July 10, 1931, Dr. W. D. Strong entered upon his duties as
ethnologist in the bureau. Early in August he left for a reconnais-
sance trip through central and western Nebraska, central South
Dakota, and western North Dakota. Evidence of a prehistoric cul-
ture believed to pertain to the early Pawnee was followed up the
Republican River and west as far as Scottsbluff. Here a very im-
portant stratified site on Signal Butte was investigated, and after
arranging for complete excavation the next summer, Doctor Strong
continued the survey trip up the Missouri River. Many large pre-
historic villages of the sedentary tribes in this region were visited
and their locations and characteristics noted for future investigation.
The survey ended with a visit to the living Arikara Indians on the
Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota. Many good informants
were visited and preliminary ethnological work on the life and cus-
toms of this very important agricultural people was commenced.
During the autumn and winter of 1931-32 the text and illustrations
of a manuscript entitled “An Introduction to Nebraska Archeology ” .
were prepared.
On May 25, 1932, Doctor Strong left for Lincoln, Nebr., and on
June 15 excavations were commenced in the stratified deposits on the
top of Signal Butte. Large collections of specimens from all three
levels were secured, especially from the lowest level of occupation,
which was very thick and gave evidence of great antiquity. Marked
cultural differences between the three levels were apparent during the
excavation work. Burials, both complete and partial, were found in
the upper level, but no burials were encountered in the lowest level,
though fragments of human bone were found. It is already certain
that the unusual case of stratigraphy present on the summit of Signal
Butte will, when the material has been studied in detail, yield clear
evidence of an extensive sequence of cultural and artifact types for
the high plains region of central North America.
J. N. B. Hewitt, ethnologist, completed the revision and the edit-
ing of the manuscript journal of the Swiss artist, Rudolph Fried-
erich Kurz, for publication by the bureau. He also made an inten-
sive study of the internal organic structure of the Iroquois and the
Huron (Wyandot) clan, which was a most important unit of social
and political organization. This investigation revealed some hith-
erto unnoted and disregarded organic features of clan structure.
The results of this study were submitted for publication. In addition
he continued his work of coordinating the variant versions of tra-
ditional and ceremonial matters recorded in native text in the
Mohawk, the Cayuga, and the Onondaga vernaculars. In addition
to the four myths of the Wind Gods mentioned in the previous
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 43
report, five others of this series of texts were completed, as was also
the paper dealing with the decipherment of an interesting series of
mnemonic pictographs. Mr. Hewitt represents the Smithsonian In-
stitution on the United States Geographic Board, and as a member
of its executive committee has much active research work to do.
On May 11, 1932, Mr. Hewitt resumed his ethnological researches
among the Iroquois members of the former Six Nations of Indians
on the Grand River Grant, near Brantford, Ontario, Canada. His
investigations began with a study of the permanency and the re-
maining cohesive power of the clan among these people, and of its
influence, if any, on the social and political activities of these Indians
to-day. He found what had been superficially apparent for some
time, namely, that the clan structure and authority had become com-
pletely forgotten, and so maintained no effective guidance in social
and political affairs. David Thomas, a former chief of the Cayuga
and an intelligent man, of the Grand River Reservation, dictated a
number of traditional and interpretative Cayuga texts dealing with
certain phases of the ancient league rituals. John Buck, sr., a former
Tutelo chief, supplhed further information relating to the Wind
Gods, and he also gave much assistance in interpreting league texts
already recorded by Mr. Hewitt.
Winslow M. Walker, associate anthropologist, was in the field at
the beginning of the year, exploring certain caves in the Ozark
region of north central Arkansas. A large cavern at Cedar Grove
yielded the burials of 12 individuals and a considerable number of
artifacts and articles of rough stone, chipped flint, bone, shell, and
crude undecorated potsherds heavily shell-tempered. The resem-
blance to the culture of the Ozark Bluff Dwellers described by M. R.
Harrington is very marked. The skeletal remains indicate a long-
headed people of moderate stature, the so-called “ pre-Algonkin
type.” ‘Three localities were found where there were petrographs—
both carved and painted symbols and figures—but the designs at
each of these sites were different and distinctive, and they could not
be correlated with any of the Bluff Dweller caves.
In the middle of July Mr. Walker went to Louisiana, where for
a month explorations of mound and village sites in various parts of
northern Louisiana were undertaken, principally in the Red River
and Mississippi Valleys. At Natchitoches, on Red River, while
preparations were going on for the construction of some ponds for
a new Government fish hatchery, an ancient Indian burial ground
was discovered. Mr. Walker arrived in time to save some of the
skeletal material and fragments of a beautiful highly decorated and
polished pottery. The period from January to June was spent in
the compiling of an index of all archeological sites so far reported
44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
from the region of the lower Mississippi Valley, with maps showing
the location of these sites in the States of Louisiana and Arkansas.
From the study of the material found at Natchitoches a paper
has been prepared for publication entitled “ Discovery of a Caddo
Site at Natchitoches, Louisiana.” ‘The results of this study seem to
justify the conclusion that this was the burial ground of the tribe
of the Natchitoches, a branch of the Caddo, found inhabiting this
location by Henri de Tonti in 1690. The beautiful polished and
engraved pottery is very similar to that made by the Ouachita
Indians living along the river of that name in Louisiana and
Arkansas.
SPECIAL RESEARCHES
The study of Indian music was continued during the past year by
Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the bureau. The three
outstanding results of the year’s work are a study of the Peyote cult
and its songs among the Winnebago Indians, an intensive study of
the songs and customs of the Seminole in Florida, and the comple-
tion for publication of a manuscript entitled “‘ Nootka and Quileute
Music.” In addition, numerous Pueblo songs recorded in 1930 have
been transcribed and other Pueblo songs recorded. Eight manu-
scripts and the transcriptions of 109 songs have been submitted,
together with the phonographic records and complete analyses of the
songs.
Field trips were made to Wisconsin Dells in August and Septem-
ber, 1931. The first trip was devoted to the Pueblo work, the re-
cording of Winnebago dance songs, and a continuance of the general
study of the Winnebago. Following this a visit was made to a
basket makers’ camp near Holmen, Wis., where the ceremonial songs
of the John Rave branch of the Peyote organization were recorded
by William Thunder, a leader in the ceremony. On the second trip
to Wisconsin Dells the ceremonial songs of the Jesse Clay branch
of the organization were recorded by James Yellowbank, who is a
leader in that branch. In September, 1931, and in June, 1932, the
study of peyote was continued with Winnebago Indians.
On November 6, 1931, Miss Densmore arrived in Miami, Fla., to
resume a study of the Seminole Indians begun in January. During
the early part of her stay the work was conducted in the Seminole
villages at Musa Isle and Dania and in three camps on the Tamiami .
Trail between Miami and Everglades. Sixty-five songs were re-
corded by Panther (known as Josie Billie), a leader in the Big
Cypress band of the tribe. He is a medicine man in regular practice,
and his work was sometimes interrupted by his attendance upon the
sick,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 45
Eariy in February Miss Densmore went to Fort Myers and made —
a trip to remote villages in the Everglades under the guidance of
Stanley Hanson of that city. Then she went to the region west of
Lake Okeechobee and recorded 125 songs at Brighton from Billie
Stuart, a leader of singers in the Cow Creek group of Seminoles.
Returning to Miami, work was resumed at Musa Isle. Additional
songs were recorded by Panther, and an important tradition was
related by Billie Motlo, one of the few remaining old men of the
tribe.
MISCELLANEOUS
Seven bulletins of the bureau were issued during the year; for
a list of these see the report on publications, Appendix 11.
In the library there were accessioned during the year 400 volumes,
150 pamphlets, and 3,400 serials. For further details see the report
on the library, Appendix 10.
COLLECTIONS
Accession No.
115902. Collection of archeological material collected by M. W. Stirling at
various sites in Alabama and Florida in 19381. (148 specimens.)
114568. Archeological and skeletal material collected for the Bureau of Ameri-
ean Ethnology by F. M. Setzler from various sites in Texas in 1931.
(69 specimens. )
115562. Archeological and ethnological objects collected for the Bureau of
American Ethnology by Neil M. Judd on the San Carlos Indian
Reservation, Gila County, Ariz. (49 specimens.)
115827. Specimens of shell from Horrs Island, Fla., collected by M. W. Stirling
in 1931. (3 specimens.)
117184. Archeological material collected in 1931 by W. M. Walker from caves
and rock shelters in the Ozark region of north central Arkansas,
occupying portions of Searcy and Marion Counties. (23 specimens.)
During the course of the year information was furnished by mem-
bers of the bureau staff in reply to numerous inquiries concerning
the North American Indians, both past and present, and the Mexi-
can peoples of the prehistoric and early historic periods. Various
specimens sent to the bureau were identified and data on them fur-
nished for their owners.
Personnel_—Dr. William Duncan Strong was appointed as eth-
nologist on the staff of the bureau on July 10, 1981. Miss Marion
Illig was appointed as junior stenographer on September 1, 1931.
De Lancey Gill was retired as illustrator on June 30, 1932, by
operation of the economy bill.
Respectfully submitted.
M. W. Sriruine, Chief.
Wr C.'G. ABeor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 5
REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE
Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the
operations of the International Exchange Service during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1932:
The congressional appropriation for the support of the service
during 1932 was $54,060, an increase of $1,250 over that for 1981.
Of this increase, $1,000 was for freight and $250 for boxes. The
Institution received as repayments from departmental and other
establishments $5,056.23, making the total resources available during
the year $59,116.23.
The total number of packages received for distribution through
the service, from both domestic and foreign sources was 759,035, an
increase over the previous year of 117,697, or about 18 per cent. The
greater part of this increase was in the parliamentary documents
forwarded abroad. '
The publications sent and received by the service are classified as
parliamentary documents, departmental documents, and miscellane-
ous scientific and literary publications. The number and weight of
packages containing the publications coming under these headings
are as follows:
Packages Weight
Sent Received| Sent Received
Pounds | Pounds
United States parliamentary documents sent abroad---.------- BLAS F/f/ph eee ot eee 118,433) |S eee
Publications received in return for parliamentary documents-___|__-----_--|_- 1 | = 31, 674
United States departmental documents sent abroad______.-_--- 188/O7L is eoetes 155,:759)| Sac eeeee
Publications received in return for departmental documents__-_-|--_--_.--- 7,974; |522 , 043
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications sent abroad__| 146, 866 |__-------- 227, 426, |= eee
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications received from
abroad for distribution in the United States_____..----__----|_--------- 40,873) ||2:222 eee 102, 316
Motel sce eee eee eee eee ere een 698, 214 60,821 | 501,617 159, 033
Grand ‘tote eae ass sg a eee 759,035 660,650
It will be seen from the foregoing table that about 75 per cent
of the work of the office during the year has been conducted in behalf
of United States governmental establishments.
The total number of boxes used in dispatching consignments
abroad was 2,652, a decrease of 350 from the preceding year. Of
these boxes, 605 were for the foreign depositories of full sets of
46
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 47
United States governmental documents, and the remainder (2,047)
were for distribution to miscellaneous establishments and individuals.
While the Smithsonian Exchange Service, as a rule, transmits its
consignments to other countries in boxes, it is more economical to
forward certain shipments direct to their destinations by mail, and
during the year the number of packages sent abroad in this manner
was 85,435, an increase of 8,826 over the number mailed last year.
The decrease in the number of boxes forwarded abroad in 1931 and
1932 and the increase in the number of packages transmitted by
mail during the same period were due to the sending since January 1,
1931, of the greater part of the packages for British correspondents
direct by mail.
FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS
The total number of sets of United States official documents for-
warded to foreign depositories is 112, 62 full and 50 partial.
The full set of official documents sent to the Prefecture of the
Seine has, at the request of the Library of Congress, been discon-
tinued and forwarded to the American Library in Paris. The partial
set of documents sent to Bengal is now addressed: “Assistant Secre-
tary to the Government of Bengal, Department of Education,
Writers’ Buildings, Calcutta.” The series of governmental docu-
ments sent to Northern Ireland are now addressed to the “ Superin-
tendent of His Majesty’s Stationery Office, Custom House, Belfast.”
A list of the depositories is given in the report for 1931.
INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL
The following have been added to the list of those establishments
receiving copies of the daily issue of the Congressional Record:
Office Nationale du Commerce Extérieur, Paris; Reichsfinanzminis-
terium, Berlin; Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City.
These three new depositories, after allowing for the elimination of
the set sent to Barcelona, which was discontinued, make the total
number of copies of the Congressional Record forwarded to foreign
depositories 104,
The depository of the Record in Aracaju, Brazil, has been changed
to Bibliotheca Publica de Sergipe, Aracaju. For a list of the states
taking part in the immediate exchange of the official journal, together
with the names of the establishments to which the Record is mailed,
see the report for 1931.
A list of the agencies abroad through which the distribution of
exchanges is effected is given below. Most of these agencies for-
ward consignments to the Institution for distribution in the United
States.
48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
LIST OF HXCHANGH AGENCIES
ALGERIA, Via France.
ANGOLA, via Portugal.
ARGENTINA: Comisién Protectora de Bibliotecas Populares, Calle Callao 1540,
Buenos Aires.
AvustTRIA: Internationale Austauschstelle, Bundeskanzleramt, Herrengasse 23,
Vienna I.
AzoRES, via Portugal.
Bruerum: Service Belge des Echanges Internationaux, Rue des Longs-Chariots,
46, Brussels.
Botivia: Oficina Nacional de Hstadistica, La Paz.
Brazit: Servico de Permutacées Internacionaes, Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de
Janeiro.
Brit1isH CoLonigs: Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.
BRITISH GUIANA: Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Georgetown.
BritisH HonpurAs: Colonial Secretary, Belize.
Butearia: Institutions Scientifiques de S. M. le Roi de Bulgarie, Sofia.
CANADA: Sent by mail.
CANARY ISLANDS, via Spain.
CuitH: Servicio de Canjes Internacionales, Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago.
CHINA: Bureau of International Exchange, Academia Sinica, 331 Avenue du
Roi Albert, Shanghai.
CoLomsrA: Oficina de Canjes Internacionales y Reparto, Biblioteca Nacional,
Bogota.
Costa Rica: Oficina de Depésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San
José.
CuBA: Sent by mail.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Service Tchécoslovaque des Kchanges Internationaux, Biblio-
théque de ]’Assemblée Nationale, Prague 1-79.
Danzig: Amt fiir den Internationalen Schriftenaustausch der Freien Stadt
Danzig, Stadtbibliothek, Danzig.
DenMARK: Service Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Kongelige Danske
Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen.
DutcH GuIANA: Surinaamsche Koloniale Bibliotheek, Paramaribo.
Hcvuapor: Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, Quito.
HKeyrpr: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo.
Estonia: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn (Reval).
FINLAND: Delegation of the Scientific Societies of Finland, Helsingfors.
FRANCE: Service Francais des Echanges Internationaux, 110 Rue de Grenelle,
Paris.
GmeRMANY: Amerika-Institut, Universititstrasse 8, Berlin, N. W. 7.
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND: Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, 2, 3, and 4 Arthur
St., New Oxford St., London W. C. 2.
GREECE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Athens.
GREENLAND, via Denmark.
GUATEMALA: Instituto Nacional de Varones, Guatemala.
Hartt: Secrétaire d’Etat des Relations Hxtérieures, Port-au-Prince.
Honpuras: Biblioteca Nacional, Tegucigalpa.
Huneary: Hungarian Libraries Board, Budapest, IV.
IcHLAND, via Denmark.
Inpta: Superintendent of Stationery, Bombay.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 49
Traty: R. Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero dell’ Hducazione Na-
zionale, Rome.
JAMAICA: Institute of Jamaica, Kingston.
JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Tokyo.
JAVA, via Netherlands.
Korma: Sent by mail.
Latyra: Service des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliotheque d’Etat de Lettonie,
Riga.
Lipreia: Bureau of Hxchanges, Department of State, Monrovia.
LITHUANIA: Sent by mail.
LOURENCO MARQUEZ, via Portugal.
LUXEMBURG, via Belgium.
MADAGASCAR, via France.
MAnpeErRA, via Portugal.
Mexico: Sent by mail.
MozAMBIQUE, Via Portugal.
NETHERLANDS: International Exchange Bureau of the Netherlands, Royal
Library, The Hague.
New SoutH WatLEs: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney.
New ZEALAND: Dominion Museum, Wellington.
NIcARAGUA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua.
Norway: Service Norvégien des Echanges Internationaux, Relates etn de
l'Université Royale, Oslo.
PALESTINH: Hebrew University Library, J erusalem.
PanaMa: Sent by mail.
PARAGUAY: Seccién Canje Internacional de Publicaciones del Ministerio de
Relaciones Exteriores, Hstrella 563, Asuncion.
Prru: Oficina de Reparto, Depdsito y Canje Internacional de USS IO RES
Ministerio de Fomento, Lima.
PoLanp: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Na-
tionale, Warsaw.
PortuGaL: Seccio de Trocas Internacionaes, Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon.
QUEENSLAND: Bureau of Exchanges of International Publications, Chief Secre-
tary’s Department, Brisbane.
RumaAntiA: Bureau des Hchanges Internationaux, Institut Météorologique Cen-
tral, Bucharest.
Russia: Academy of Sciences, Leningrad.
SatvapoR: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San Salvador.
Stam: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok.
South Australia: South Australian Government Exchanges Bureau, Govern-
ment Printing and Stationery Office, Adelaide.
Sparn: Servicio.de Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Paseo de Recoletos
20, Madrid.
Sumatra, via Netherlands.
Swepen: Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, Stockholm.
SwITzERLAND: Service Suisse des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Cen-
trale Fédérale, Berne.
Syria: American University of Beirut.
TASMANIA: Secretary to the Premier, Hobart.
TrRInipaAp: Royal Victoria Institute of Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain.
TUNIS, via France.
TURKEY: Robert College, Istanbul.
50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
UNION oF SoutH Arrica: Government Printing Works, Pretoria, Transvaal.
UrvuGuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo.
VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas.
Viotor1A: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth.
YUGOSLAVIA: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Belgrade.
Respectfully submitted.
C. W. SHOEMAKER,
Chief Clerk, International Exchange Service.
Dr. Cuartes G. ABBOT,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 6
REPORT ON THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK?
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the
operations of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1932:
The regular appropriation made by Congress for the maintenance
of the park was $255,540—an increase of $34,020 over 1931. Of this
amount, $4,500 was made immediately available upon the approval
of the act on February 23, 1981, for the construction of quarters to
house the Victor J. Evans Collection. Im addition, $4,500 was
appropriated and made available upon approval of the act for the
preparation of plans and specifications for the small mammal house,
the next unit in the building program for the development of the Zoo.
ACCESSIONS
Gifts——Chief among the gifts this year are Okero and Teddy,
the baby mountain gorilla and chimpanzee, brought by Mr. and
Mrs. Martin Johnson. These two animals are being raised together
and constitute one of the most attractive exhibits in the park. The
receipt of the mountain gorilla made it possible to exhibit both the
lowland and mountain forms of this rare group. Samuel Kress, of
the United Fruit Co., of Costa Rica, has continued his interest and
gent a fine jabiru stork and a peccary. R. E. Stadelman, of the
Serpentarium at Tela, Honduras, presented the park with Chancho,
a white-lipped peccary, as well as a number of other interesting
specimens. Vincent Astor, of New York City, presented two Gala-
pagos iguanas. Acquisitions under the proceeds from the Frederic D.
Barstow fund, which first became available for use this year, made
possible the accession of a pair of tricolored squirrels, highly colored,
active, and interesting little animals from the Malay Peninsula. ‘The
proceeds from the Frances Brinklé Zerbee Memorial Fund were used
for keeping the aquarium section stocked.
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK EXPEDITION
With funds provided especially in the regular appropriation act
for the park, the director, accompanied by Assistant Head Keeper
F. O. Lowe, sailed from New York July 22, 1931, for Georgetown,
British Guiana. Collecting was carried on in two general regions—
1The complete list of animals in the collection, usually printed with this report, has
had to be omitted this year owing to shortage of printing funds. Mimeographed copies
of the list may be obtained by writing to the Director, National Zoological Park,
Washington, D. C. 51
52 . ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
the Pomeroon and Mackenzie districts—and although the earlier por-
tion of the trip was a disappointment, 317 specimens were success-
fully landed at the Zoo on October 11, 1931. These comprised 13
species of mammals, 25 species of birds, and 31 species of reptiles and
amphibians. This exhibit brought a number of species into the Zoo
for exhibition for the first time. Surplus specimens were imme-
diately exchanged with other zoos.
On this trip the party was assisted greatly by His Excellency Sir
Edward Denham, the Governor of British Guiana; Messrs. Hender-
son and Rucker, of the Bauxite Co., of British Guiana; Dr. George
Giglioli, himself an ardent naturalist, who presented some of his
pets to the expedition; and F. M. Walcott, of Hope Estate, who gave
an ocelot.
While no Surinam toads were obtained on this trip, arrangements.
were made which later resulted in the receipt of 90 specimens in good
condition, through the kindness of Captain Lum, of the Munson
Steamship Line, who brought them to New York from Paramaribo.
This placed on exhibition a large group of this rare toad, and enabled
us to exchange specimens for exhibition with other zoos.
DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS
Stuart Abraham, Braddock Heights, Md., copperhead.
Roy Adams, Washington, D. C., snapping turtle.
Mrs. M. W. Arps, Washington, D. C., ring-necked dove.
Vincent Astor, New York City, two Galapagos iguanas.
Charles A. Baker, 2d, Baltimore, Md., kinkajou.
Dr. Paul Bartsch, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.,.
Jamaican snail. :
F. H. Benjamin, United States Plant Quarantine and Control Administration,
Orlando, Fla., Florida cooter, Osceola snapping turtle, two Florida box turtles..
Robert L. Bieber, Potomac, Md., goat.
J. B. Bland, Washington, D. C., alligator.
Miss Blondell, Washington, D. C., tarantula.
Mr. and Mrs. J. S. C. Boswell, Alexandria, Va., California king snake, three
Boyle’s king snakes.
M. K. Brady, Washington, D. C., king or chain snake, 2 common fence lizards,,.
2 blue-tailed skinks, marbled salamander, 12 Stejneger’s anolis.
C. J. Brahm, Philadelphia, Pa., Chinese mantis.
Messrs. E. J. and 8. K. Brown, Eustis, Fla., coral snake, scarlet snake, water
snake, two corn snakes, hog-nosed snake, chicken snake, two Florida king snakes.
Meredith and Walker Buel, Washington, D. C., common fence lizard.
Allen M. Burdett, Washington, D. C., two alligators.
C. R. Burnett, Richmond, Va., white-fronted parrot, yellow-fronted parrot.
Dr. Charles E. Burt, Southwestern College, Winfield, Kans., three slender
burrowing snakes, two western ring-necked snakes, brown skink, two collared
lizards, two blacksnakes, five ornate tortoises, western or blue racer.
F. G. Carnochan, New York City, canvasback duck, two mallard ducks.
R. R. Carpenter, Wilmington, Del., curl-tail lizard.
Bernard Cawill, Silver Spring, Md., two coyotes.
Kenneth Clow, Washington, D. C., capuchin monkey.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 53
Miss Doris M. Cochran, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., .
2 scorpions, 22 water snakes.
Mrs. R. Cohen, Bowie, Md., three angora goats.
Dr. F. V. Coville, United States Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C.,
‘seven chuckwallas.
Mrs. Annie T. Craley, Washington, D. C., yellow-fronted parrot.
Miss Amelia Crawford, Washington, D. C., alligator.
Mrs. J. H. Cummings, Wilmington, N. C., two glass snakes, six-lined lizard,
aanolis.
R. O. EH. Davis, Washington, D. C., barred owl.
Allen DeFord, Washington, D. C., alligator.
Charles EF. Denley, Rockville, Md., four golden pheasants.
Miss Grace Devendorf, Washington, D. C., mynah.
F. I. Donn, Washington, D. C., common gallinule.
M. C. Dowling, Bethesda, Md., 11 horned lizards.
Mrs. Bertha Duncan, Washington, D. C., red fox.
H. W. Ehmann, Piedmont, Fla., six baldpates, six pintail ducks.
Dr. Wm. O. Emery, United States Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, Washing-
ton, D. C., three blind worms.
Mrs. C. L. Hmmart, Baltimore, Md., alligator.
F. W. Engle, Washington, D. C., common boa.
William Engle, Washington, D. C., canary.
I. B. Faidley, Falls Church, Va., coot.
Dr, David Fairchild, Washington, D. C., two hermit crabs.
Mrs. R. W. Ferguson, Fernandino, Fla., two Florida skunks.
¥F, T. Fitch, Buchanan, Va., duck hawk.
H. J. Gibson, Washington, D. C., blacksnake.
Dr. George Giglioli, Mackenzie, British Guiana, deer, curassow.
Norman Gilillan, Washington, D. C., hog-nosed snake.
Mrs. Goodloe, Washington, D. C., opossum.
Alex Goodman, Washington, D. C., woodchuck.
R. H. Gordon, Washington, D. C., horned lizard.
W. B. Grange, United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Agassiz’s tortoise,
mhree horned lizards, spiny swift, spiny-tailed lizard.
Miss Hawthorne, Washington, D. C., sparrow hawk.
Miss L. EH. Hemington, Washington, D. C., six canaries.
Horace Hicks, Washington, D. C., DeKay’s snake.
James P. Holloway, Washington, D. C., rhesus monkey.
C. H. Holmes, Washington, D. C., red-tailed hawk.
R. Bruce Horsfall, Nature Magazine, Washington, D. C., corn snake.
S. R. Hughes, Leesburg, Va., common loon.
Mr. and Mrs. Martin Johnson, New York City, chimpanzee, mountain gorilla.
Walter Johnson, Bethesda, Md., silver pheasant, golden pheasant, two
Hineated pheasants.
D. C. Jonhas, Washington, D. C., box tortoise, garter snake, common anolis.
EH. 8S. Joseph, New York City, lung fish.
Mr. Keith, Georgetown, S. C., 5 water moccasins, 2 blacksnakes, 2 water
snakes, 3 copperheads, chicken snake, king or chain snake.
C. O. King, Washington, D. C., tarantula.
John Kitterman, Kensington, Md., two common terns.
B. P. Klibas, Washington, D. C., hawks-bill turtle.
R. F. Knox, Cherrydale, Va., banded rattlesnake.
Sam Kress, Port Limon, Costa Rica, jabiru, collared peccary.
James LaFontaine, Washington, D. C., great horned owl.
54 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
Miss Catherine Larner, Whitehall, N. Y., brown capuchin.
S. E. Laurell, Washington, D. C., patas monkey.
Mrs. F. C. Lincoln, Takoma Park, Md., opossum.
Mrs. John Linder, Washington, D. C., two alligators.
Robert Locke, Washington, D. C., alligator.
Thomas H. Loyd, jr., Washington, D. C., West Indian tree frog.
John L. Lucas, Washington, D. C., kangaroo rat.
John C. Lyddams, Washington, D. C., alligator.
Van Allen Lyman, Washington, D. C., scorpion.
Mrs. J. R. Malloch, Ballston, Va., raccoon.
G. Manos, Washington, D. C., four opossums.
George E. Mattingly, Washington, D. C., pied-billed grebe.
EB. A. McIlhenny, Avery Island, La., 2 anhingas, 4 snowy egrets, 2 Louisiana
herons.
Kenneth Meyers, Takoma Park, Md., common skink.
G. S. Miller, jr., United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., four
Puerto Rican snails.
James Miller, Washington, D. C., mink.
Mrs. Rose L. Miller, Washington, D. C., ferret.
W. W. Minear, Quincy, Ill., 14 blacksnakes, 19 water snakes, 8 garter snakes,
8 banded rattlesnakes, 4 leopard snakes.
Dewey Moore, United States Bureau of Plant Industry, Indio, Calif., 2 giant
hairy scorpions, sidewinder rattlesnake, 2 desert rattlesnakes, California bull-
snake, 3 lizards, 4 scorpions.
Dr. G. K. Noble, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, two
southern ctenosaurs.
Dr. H. C. Oberholser, United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Washing-
ton, D. C., two whistling swans.
William O’Brien, Washington, D. C., double yellow-head parrot.
Dr. S. Logan Owens, Washington, D. C., two yellow-naped parrots.
Mrs. A. N. Pack, Princeton, N. J., raccoon.
J. R. Page, jr., Greensboro, N. C., Florida diamond-back rattlesnake.
Axel Pedersen, Washington, D. C., woodchuck.
S. F. Perkins, Washington, D. C., two king snakes, water snake, blacksnake.
A. L. Pflueger, North Miami, Fla., two diamond-back turtles, four Florida
box turtles.
Philadelphia Zoological Park, Philadelphia, Pa., three soft-shell turtles.
Polly’s Tea Room, Alexandria, Va., two raccoons, skunk, ocelot, collared
peccary, great horned owl, three barred owls, crab-eating macaque, African
gray parrot.
Carlos Quiros, Port Limon, Costa Rica, emperor boa.
Michael Rainey, Washington, D. C., alligator.
Donald Reder, Lorton, Va., mink.
Miss M. E. Rice, Washington, D. C., woodchuck.
A. G. Richardson, Salem, Mass., two alligators.
Mrs. Riley, Washington, D. C., flicker.
H. H. Rudolph, Washington, D. C., 20 bob-whites.
W. K. Ryan, Washington, D. C., four Fundulus galaris.
San Diego Zoo, San Diego, Calif., four farallone cormorants.
William Sanders, Washington, D. C., yellow-naped parrot.
Dr. J. E. Schillinger, United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington,
D. C., two whistling swans.
Mrs. I. D. Schwartz, Washington, D. C., alligator.
Mrs. Shelby, Benning, D. C., two coyotes.
R. D. Shields, Silver Springs, Md., capuchin monkey.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 55
Miss Betty Shorey, Washington, D. C., tarantula.
Hugene Sibley, Chevy Chase, Md., two Peking ducks.
8S. G. Sifalla, Washington, D. C., Sumichrast’s deer mouse and young.
Mrs. W. H. Smith, Washington, D. C., canary.
C. C. Sperry, United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D. C..
two collared lizards.
R. E. Stadelman, Tela Serpentarium, Tela, Honduras, white-lipped peccary,
prehensile tailed-porcupine, two coral snakes, six jumping vipers.
B. F. Stepper, Washington, D. C., 2 skinks, blue-tailed skink, 19 . fence
lizards, 2 red toads.
H. G. Stewart, Seabrook, Md., spotted salamander.
Hon. Henry L. Stimson, Washington, D. C., great red-crested cockatoo.
Shreve Stombach, red-tailed hawk.
J. Ralph Taylor, Washington, D. C., copperhead snake.
Richard Taylor, Middleburg, Va., horned lizard.
Elaine and South Trimble, Washington, D. C., flying squirrel.
United States Bureau of Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C., laughing gull.
United States Post Office, Dead Letter Section, alligator.
Mrs. Elizabeth Voegele, Martinsburg, W. Va., orange-winged parrot.
Walker Chevrolet Sales Co., Tazewell, Va., two golden eagles.
W. Paul Ward, Fairmont, W. Va., Cooper’s hawk.
Charles Williams, marine turtle.
G. EH. Williams, Washington, D. C., red salamander.
Larry Williams, Chevy Chase, Md., spotted salamander.
Miss Mary Wills, Washington, D. C., horned lizard.
G. W. Wilson, Washington, D. C., Florida gallinule.
Paul Winthrop and C. W. Buckley, Washington, D. C., hog-nosed snake.
Maj. Leigh F. Zerbee, United States Army, coral snake, Panama fresh-
water fish.
Donor unknown, two canaries.
Births—There were 41 mammals born, 62 birds hatched, and 45
reptiles hatched or born in the Park during the year. These include
the following:
MAMMALS
Scientific name Common name Number
/&pyprymnus rufescens____---------- at kangaroos 20 ees er 1
PASS NTIS) 5 ey IP ee PAIS QCCR ce Mer rege ona ane eee oe 2
Bipompbisonessi 20 tSh Reet Ath 25 American bison 222s. +722 ses 1
@amiseniloil uss os). ys lk Plains wolf. these. ace Te 2 ae oe 3
Cervus canadensis___---~ iS SIN sa Sant Cd America mye likin care as ai ara, apes 1
Cervus duvaucellii______...-_._____- Barasingha deer____._._-_-_______- 1
Cenvusielaphiuse 8. oe Soe sete PVOCVAee reba Ie Pe he eS 2
Choeropsis liberiensis_____-_________-- Pigmy hippopotamus_____-_____- 1
Damardamas . SOS ete eye Hallows deer siete (hee ee Eee Pe 2
Equus quagga chapmani____-_-__-__- Chapman/sizebrae 2) 1
LEVEIENS, IIo Ces Ra i gil A he aac eh at ae Bs eat aa a econ NS 3
hic ocastor coypuly Vib ss 22 2 ee Woy pin Vel ee ie Sa 3
Odocoileus hemionus-_--------------- Mile deerseys aetna ae 2
Odocoileus virginianus_--_----------- Wireimiar deere ices ola ee 2
Ovasicanadensise /_2u)).. 2 22S 22e9ao_ Rocky Mountain sheep__._______- 2
Gnaercuropacis. .' fy. AU Ores ey Mignon as Wee Sop e e S . \ba 2
Phacochoerus aethiopicus massaicus__- East African wart hog_________- bbe dots
Hecphacusterunniens js. yee 4 Wales vay ahve) tye oy gees oooh fy 1
isd mmolwecensis._..-L 22 Ueas22us - Molwecaxdeer: 2-2 22 ae er il
Dilewsiippone: 2420! p25 2 ee Jape Mes eNClee reese si apeuacen ne anes 3
UTTASIWS) 541 ae a geese a ho Alaska Peninsula brown bear--- -- 1
Zalophus californianus-- -- --- ame es California sea lions====.52 22028 1
56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
BIRDS
Scientific name Common name Number
Anas platyrhynchos. o_o ae. ee Mallard duek o-oo 3-2 pee 5
Branta canadensis subsp_------------ Canada goose group___---------- 17
Larus novaehollandiae-_--.--...------- Silver pullazi eee seule ee ee 22
Nycticorax nycticorax naevius_-_------ Black-crowned night heron__-_---- 18
REPTILES
Scientific name Common name Number
Bothrops lanceolatus__----.-------- SWer-de-lance 203/232 15
Crotaphytus' collariasls.=1¢8- cisUe 3 Collared lizard icc i -a944508es 6
Epicrates angulifer_= 2. +" 2 222222 5= Cuban. tree bos... 42-282 3
Hunectes murinus’- 2-2-5652 Lee Anaconda... 2. 3 ee 6
Watrix Bp... 2062 See ee eee ee Water snake: <2... 70 02 eee 15
Purchases.—The most important purchases during the year were
two Cape hunting dogs, two fine Aldabra tortoises, and a pair of
giant anteaters.
REMOVALS
Causes of death_—When it has been thought that determination of
the cause of death of certain animals might be useful, the specimens
have been submitted to the pathological division of the Bureau of
Animal Industry for examination. The following list shows the
results of the autopsies:
MAMMALS
Artiodactyla: Congestion of the lungs, 1.
Primates: Purulent peritonitis, 1; pneumonia, 1.
BIRDS
Columbiformes: Catarrhal enteritis, 1.
The great loss of the year was the death of N’Gi, a 414-year-old
baby gorilla that had been in the Zoo from December 5, 1928, to
March 10, 1932. He became ill with a bad cold, which progressed
into pneumonia complicated with empyema. Dr. D. E. Buckingham,
veterinarian, and his assistant, were called immediately and stayed
with him day and night throughout his illness. Dr. John C. Eck-
hardt, M. D., a great friend of the Zoo, served as a volunteer
consultant,
Through the kind interest and generosity of Mrs. Eleanor Patter-
son, of the Washington Herald, several X-ray pictures were made
and an oxygen chamber with technicians and full equipment was
brought from New York by airplane and N’Gi placed in this in an
effort to save his life. He recovered somewhat, but because of the
empyema a surgical operation was necessary. This was performed
gratuitously by Dr. Charles Stanley White, of Washington, but the
long illness had so weakened the monkey that he died shortly
afterwards.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 57
At the time N’Gi was ill, Jojo, the chimpanzee in the adjoining
cage, also became ill and died. Both deaths were apparently occa-
sioned by the same type of ailment, generally called the flu or grip,
which was prevalent in Washington at that time.
Okero, the mountain gorilla, and his cage mate, Teddy, the chim-
panzee, developed a slight pneumonia, but soon recovered.
ANIMALS IN COLLECTION THAT HAD NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN EXHIBITED
MAMMALS
Scientific name Common name
CAcajOuNecAlyUSE 2 bbe a White Uakari monkey.
Chinontes: chiroptes 22s ess ee Cuxio monkey.
Huphractus sexcinctus___________-___________ Six-banded armadillo.
MyVCAOMMPLCTUSES 8a ee eee Cape hunting dog.
Metachirus fuscogriseus________________-____ Allen’s mouse opossum.
Nyctomys sumichrasti_____-_________________ Sumicharast’s deer mouse.
SUITE Speln any C1 Ste at Ss se Tricolored squirrel.
BIRDS
Scientific name Common name
Pitangus sulphuratus____________________ Kiskadee flycatcher.
Psomocolax oryzivora___-___-_-_--_----_____. Rice grackle.
Sporophila lineola__________________________. White-crowned seed-eater.
Linnea Or sot . Guiana giant tinamou.
REPTILES
Scientific name Common name
Ameiva ameiva ameiva_____-___-___________. South American swift.
PRMMMUISSCybalez ts. oe yee bla Blunt-tailed anilius.
Anolis leucophaeus_________--_______________ Turks Island anolis.
Crocodilurus lacertinus_________-____________- Crocodile lizard.
Hrpetodryas carinatus______-______________-- Marsh snake.
Hrpetodryas fuscus--—=22- 22 8 Red and black snake.
Hrythrolamprus aesculapii__________________- False coral snake.
Eehcopssangullata 2222-2 ee South American water snake.
Leiocephalus inaguae_______________________. Inagua Island ecurl-tail lizard.
Weiecephalusisps2= 22225 bee ee ek Curl-tail lizard (Andros Island).
Mentopiisahactulla'. Tiss soe ass ee Ja Parrot snake.
Petalognathus nebulatus_____________________ Blunt-head snake.
Philodryus viridissimus_________-_ ________. Green tree snake.
Pineynona sul hwTreUS 2s a ee South American rat snake.
Phrynosoma solare________--________________ Crowned horned lizard.
RCo CA aa = ee Se ee Sere Cae Sue ye ker S Plicated lizard.
Podocnemis expansa____-_--__---_____----_=- South American river tortoise.
Polychrus marmoratus______________________. Marbled lizard.
eemdoboa: cloclia.. 29-2 a1 ke sy . Mussurana.
EVpMonrC Unb a2 2 i ee Sak 2 es Blood python.
Smillotes pullatus! pullatus==2232 Tiger snake.
Tantilla ecoronata______ eee ____.. Banded burrowing snake.
Mestudo elephantina =. s> 22-322 See Elephant tortoise.
iinccadactylus rapicaudus—__ = eee ee Gecko.
emodonySeverus—<e sao eee ee ee South American puff snake.
144136—32——5
58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
AMPHIBIANS
Scientific name Common name
Gyrinophilus porphyriticus________.__-_-__~__. Purple salamander.
yla septentrionalis==—_— Ss" a eee West Indian tree frog.
Pipa, americana-_-_- = Ss eee Surinam toad.
FISHES.
Scientific name Common name
Eleerophorus, clectricus= 2 eee Electric eel.
hepidosiren paradoxa = 9.43 2 eee South American lung fish.
INSECTS
Scientific name Common name
Tenodera: Sinensis 23222 S ee ee Eee eee Chinese mantis.
MOLLUSKS
Scientific name Common name
Oxystyla-undata 22) at 2 ee eee Puerto Rican snail.
Oxystyla undata jamaicensis____-__________-. Jamaican snail.
Statement of the collection
[Accessions]
Collected .
Received
by park : Pur- On de-
expedi- Presented) Born ae chased posit Total
VITIIITES™ sett yee ees 19 57 AA | 3 Seem 32 4 153
SES ES ee ae eee Yo aE ae oe 105 101 62 1 37 3 309
IReptiles= = i= See =e eae: eee 160 209 45 43 110 3 570
Amphibians: asset. ben ak yy 33 Se eee ae ne meres 122)||- =) = kes 158
ISTIGS So ens oe es 2 See |e oe Oil seeo. eco 1 2: |: oo 5
Arachnids= 52.22 uSte erie se eee a IO bio eos ones | poe ee el er 10
Insects es Son Cee. sR eee he eee ee ae Ce eee (ae eres Meme ee |S 3
Crustaceans 2224: 252 2 een eee ee Dis fosters obra 8 Yk eee 2
Mollusks 235238 - 22-2 eee BE eae Gilberto Ee eo 2 |c2 eee 7
otal sete Soe tee eee 317 392 148 45 305 10 1, 217
Summary
Animals om Mane co Ulysses Aas ae kee Sa ss ee ne 2 our
Aecessions "during the yearns. anne Sa a en ee L227
Total animals, in>eollection during’ year_--._—_..2 222 = ee 3, 718
Removed from collection by death, exchange, and return of animals on
COP OS Ue ee oa ae opin ey SS TEI aoe eh 8 Se 1, 416
In: collection une: SO ORD oe ee ae ES ee 2, 302
Status of collection
Species meee ae Species iain
IMiamisrallat eee Soe oe a 194 BO | | PATACHMIOSS 5-year 3 4
BiSds eee eee kere VEN Soe 328 1080] Crustaceans...- 2-2 eee 1 8
Reptiless: 2222s ae a 157 549 /Molluskswio22 2 - Je. ee ae 2 27
WX 608 0 ord ©) | 6 [> fay ee a ay ba 28 101
MisheSos-seet ees = testi ecccse 15 57 "Lotal 4.125) 6 tee 728 2, 302
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 59
Visitors
Sia 723 2 aS oh ak a A202 MOONE Marcha s: ek Wares see 2 174, 585
SANUS 2 ik fe a LAI ee epee ey ALOR 200 Aprile ste A SEIS 252, 000
PE September. OF 1030 82a. pi) 262A00H |) Magy so cen eh Pin 6 ofa 272, 300
MAO@EEObeT Me a ghar, lope ul DAN orCen(O)a\) eliuiin ps asaeeg ap us pup geal 175, 200
Miowemaper: Ae set ee 161, 900 =
Mecemoen. 2-6. 2 PLL 2 48, 825 Total visitors for
EITC Sli ig 65, 800 VERT Rach kone cea 2, 169, 460
1 BCE] O RU CEE 7 es i ga ge 96, 400
The attendance of organizations, mainly classes of students, of
which we have definite record, was 36,318 from 716 different schools
in 22 States, the District of Columbia, and Cuba, as follows:
Number | Number Number | Number
States of of States Of a Rot
persons | parties persons | parties
Alabama__-.-._.-- asassestocs 24 Wal |News Workel. a 20S es 3, 482 43
Connecticut -___-----.-------- 203 4 || North Carolina____-.._____.__ 92 11
MD BIAWATO@re eater 218 9 TQ Peale Ee eC 453 16
District of Columbia_-_-__---_. 10, 012 202 || Pennsylvania____._._________- 7, 494 153
loritdee oo. Se ee eee apes 3 || Rhode Island_.____._--.______ 97 3
Min ois meee) 2 65 2 || South Carolina_______________ 31 1
TOW ape ee Tie VL 188 2 || Temnessee___-__-----------__- 30 1
Kentuekyo ste 2 ge 65 2h VATE ae eh eee ea ee 1, 995 48
MVAlepiT eee 188 6 || West Virginia__.-_---_-_-__-- 214 6
Manylandeee ee sy ee 7, 626 132
Massachusetts_._....--------- 310 ON] |i Car ey eee aS RN a 14 1
Michigan___.__.___-___.-.---- 430 8 |__|} ——______
New Hampshire___....-__---- 55 3 TRO tala Ek ee eee 36, 318 716
New Jersey_-.---------------- 2, 757 50
IMPROVEMENTS
The largest improvement of the year was the construction of
approximately 11,000 feet of chain-link fence to inclose the park,
taking the place of a fence that had been in use for about 31 years.
In connection with the fence installation stone gate pillars and
electric-welded gates were installed, and the street paving at the
various entrances was adjusted in conformity with the new gates.
A series of crane runs were constructed immediately east of the
bird house. The wire used was an aluminum alloy, and the installa-
tion is of an experimental nature to determine if such material will
be satisfactory for this type of inclosure. Adjoining the crane runs
have been built a series of nine pens for pheasants. The wire in this
case was a small-diameter copper weld, which is also partly in the
nature of an experiment.
The wild-horse group has been accommodated by the construction
of a series of paddocks and shelter houses on filled-in land off the
main road, which now house the zebras, the kiang, and Mongolian
wild horses.
60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
The eagle cage, which had been in course of construction for some
time, was completed early in the spring of 1932, and birds were
immediately placed in it. Artificial rockwork forms an attractive
background, and the cage as a whole is very satisfactory.
A series of outdoor cages for ostriches, rheas, emus, and casso-
waries were begun and nearly completed at the end of the fiscal
year. These are on the new fill back of the bird house, and will
permit a much better exhibition of these large and interesting birds
than has heretofore been possible. The new cages are located with
due respect to the anticipated addition on the south of the bird
house, so that the entire assembly will have a pleasing appearance
when completed.
The Bureau of Standards, Bureau of Agricultural Engineering,
and Bureau of Public Roads are assisting in determining the best
material for floors for cages, and corrosion-resistant metals for cages
and paddocks.
Heretofore the American waterfowl pond has been provided with
water taken directly from the creek, which made the pool muddy
and insanitary. In addition, the dam which raised the water in
the creek sufficiently to take it into the pond resulted in a large
accumulation of silt, filling the bed of the stream up to the upper
ford in the Zoo, so that the ford could be used only part of the time
by motorists. This combination of circumstances made it advisable
to pipe city water into the duck pond, and the dam has been torn
out of the creek. The water is turned on only during the night.
This has resulted in a clean pool and in improvement of the condi-
tions of the creek bed and the ford.
The Beatrice Henderson cage for birds was rewired and is now
accommodating a colorful exhibit of macaws and cockatoos.
R. Bruce Horsfall, staff artist of Nature Magazine, has con-
tributed to the Zoo two beautiful panoramas which he painted in the
reptile house. One of these shows a Galapagos Island scene with
Indefatigable Island in the distance, and makes a splendid back-
ground for the collection of tortoises. The other is a Komodo Island
landscape on the wall of the cage now occupied by an assortment of
large lizards. These paintings add greatly to the building’s attrac-
tiveness.
NEEDS OF THE ZOO
The older buildings of temporary construction are obsolete and
unsatisfactory. The urgent need of the Zoo is to continue the con-
struction of exhibition buildings similar to the bird house and reptile
house, both of which are entirely satisfactory.
REPORL! OF THE SECRETARY 61
Funds were provided in the last appropriation for plans and
specifications for a building to house small mammals and great apes.
_Considerable work has been done on these plans.
The reptile house continues to be the most popular building at the
Zoo, and proves that it is worth while from all points of view to
exhibit animals suitably.
The police force is too small to guard the Government property
for which it is responsible. An adequate force is needed.
Respectfully submitted. :
W. M. Mann, Director.
Dr. C. G. Axsgor,
Secretary, Smithsonan Institution.
APPENDIX 7
REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi-
ties of the Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal year ended June
30, 1932:
PLANT AND OBJECTS
This observatory operates regularly the central station at Wash-
ington and two field stations for observing solar radiation on Table
Mountain, Calif., and Mount Montezuma, Chile. The station at
Mount Brukkaros, Southwest Africa, which was established by the
National Geographic Society and was continued for a time in co-
operation with the Astrophysical Observatory with funds donated
by a friend of the Institution, was closed in December, 1931.1 The
observatory controls a station on Mount Wilson, Calif., where occa-
sional expeditions are sent for special investigations, one of which
is mentioned below.
The principal aim of the observatory is the exact measurement of
the intensity of the radiation of the sun as it is at mean solar distance
outside the earth’s atmosphere. This is ordinarily called the solar
constant of radiation, but the observations of past years by this
observatory have proved it variable. As all life, as well as the
_weather, depends on solar radiation, the observatory has undertaken
the continued measurement of solar variation on all available days.
These measurements have now continued all the year round for 14
years. As will appear in this report, recent studies indicate that the
permanent continuation of these daily solar-radiation measurements
may have great value for weather forecasting. In addition to this
principal object, the observatory undertakes spectroscopic researches
on radiation and absorption of atmospheric constituents, radiation of
special substances, such as water vapor, ozone, carbonic-acid gas,
liquid water, and others, and the radiation of the other stars as well
as of the sun.
WORK IN WASHINGTON
Volume V of the Annals of the Observatory was printed and dis-
tributed in the autumn of 1931. It rehearses the annals of the work
from 1920 to 1930; describes the stations and instruments employed;
‘The valuable collections of zoological and botanical specimens made in Southwest
Africa by Mrs. L. O. Sordahl, wife of the director, and brought back to Washington with
the instruments, are referred to above in the report of the National Museum.
62
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 63
discusses the sources of error inherent in the use of the bolometer, the
pyranometer, and the pyrheliometer, and their application to solar-
constant determinations. It explains the methods now in use at the
several stations for measuring solar radiation; gives long tables of
pyrheliometry and results of bolometry, pyrheliometry, and pyra-
nometry combined in daily determinations of the solar constant.
Finally, it gives a discussion of the results of all stations for the in-
terval 1920-1930. ‘The agreement of the stations, the best results on
the variability of the sun, and the apparent periodicities in solar
variation, and their reflection in weather changes are set forth.
As delegate from the Smithsonian Institution, Doctor Abbot at-
tended the Geographical Congress at Paris and the one hundredth
anniversary meeting of the British Association for the Advancement
of Science, the Faraday celebration, and the Maxwell celebration in
London and Cambridge. He delivered a paper before the British
Association entitled “ ‘Twenty-five Years’ Study of Solar Variation.”
At the conclusion of the meetings he went to Berlin, and with
Doctor Martens at Potsdam he made an accurate comparison between
silver-disk pyrheliometers S. I. 5,:;, carried abroad with him, and
S. I. 12, the property since 1912 of the meteorological observatory at
Potsdam. Apparently no appreciable change of scale in the read-
ings of pyrheliometer S. I. 12 has occurred in the intervening 19
years. This result, confirming the stability of scale of the Smith-
sonian silver-disk pyrheliometers, is very gratifying.
Owing to long-continued illness, Mr. Fowle’s work was practically
confined to the preparation for publication of a new edition of the
Smithsonian Physical Tables.
Messrs. Aldrich and Kramer spent much time on instruments for
pyrheliometry. After long-continued efforts to perfect a new form
of secondary pyrheliometer of much promise, the instrument was
laid aside for a time. Following the suggestion of the Russian
physicist, V. M. Shulgin, a new 3-chamber water-flow pyrheliometer
was put in construction. The instrument comprises two pyrheliom-
eters, each nearly like that described in the Annals of the Astro-
physical Observatory, Volume III, page 52. A common current of
distilled water, carefully guarded against temperature changes, .
divides into two nearly equal branches to operate the two instru-
ments. Solar heating in the one is compensated by electrical heat-
ing in the other, interchanging the two instruments at intervals of
two minutes. The measurement consists only in adjusting and ob-
serving the required electric current to exactly compensate the solar
heating, so that the two water currents issue at exactly equal tem-
peratures. Equality of their temperatures is indicated by eight
thermoelectric elements connected in series with their junctions alter-
nately immersed in the two issuing water currents.
64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
This instrument, called water-flow pyrheliometer No. 5, was fin-
ished in May, 1932. Immediately afterwards Messrs. Aldrich and
Kramer constructed a doubly dispersing spectroscope designed to
observe the extreme infra-red solar spectrum between wave lengths
10 and 30 microns. This is the spectral region wherein the earth
emits radiation most strongly. As the sun rays come through the
atmosphere much as the earth rays pass out through it, the instru-
ment was intended to measure accurately the transmission of the
atmosphere to earth rays, a subject fundamental to meteorology.
A large diffraction grating of 25 lines per millimeter was very
kindly ruled for this instrument by Dr. H. D. Babcock, of the Mount
Wilson Observatory, by cooperation of Director W. S. Adams. A
potassium-iodide prism for the second dispersion was kindly loaned
by the University of Michigan. The instrument was completed
about June 1, 1932, and shipped to Mount Wilson, Calif.
Mrs. A. M. Bond and Doctor Abbot did a great deal of work on
the investigation of periodicities in solar and terrestrial phenomena
by the aid of the periodometer, referred to in last year’s report.
Several papers descriptive of this work will be found in Smith-
sonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 85, No. 1, and volume 87,
Nos. 4 and 9.
FIELD WORK AT MOUNT WILSON
Messrs. Abbot and Aldrich left Washington about June 4, 1932, to
conduct experiments on Mount Wilson. They obtained excellent
comparisons between water-flow pyrheliometer No. 5 and silver-disk
pyrheliometer S. I. 5,:;, during June. These results, it is believed,
fix the standard scale of solar radiation to within 0.2 per cent. The
expedition was continued through the summer. Its results will be
described in next year’s report.
FIELD WORK AT MONTEZUMA, CHILE, AND TABLE MOUNTAIN, CALIF.
Daily observations of the solar constant of radiation were con-
tinued at the two permanent field stations. Unfortunately a great
volcanic eruption in southern Chile rendered the atmosphere at
Montezuma very hazy. This has prevented obtaining satisfactory
measurements of the solar constant since April, 1932, and the daily
reports to the United States Weather Bureau and to Science Service
were therefore discontinued.
A. F. MOORE’S EXPEDITION
As stated in last year’s report, Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Moore have
been engaged in testing the availability of certain high mountains
in Africa as solar-constant stations. Their observations at Fogo in
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 65
the Cape Verde Islands and on some half dozen peaks in Southwest
Africa revealed nothing sufficiently favorable. All of these stations
were too much affected by high-lying haze in the atmosphere to be
satisfactory. From Southwest Africa Mr. and Mrs. Moore went to
Mount St. Katherine, in the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. With
the good will and much aid from the archbishop and monks of the
monastery near by, Mr. and Mrs. Moore carried on observations for
about 100 days in April, May, June, and July, 1932, at the peak,
whose elevation is about 8,600 feet. The results are the most favor-
able they found anywhere. About half the days are reported as ex-
cellent or satisfactory, the remainder as hazy or cloudy. Inquiries
indicate that the other parts of the year will be still more favorable.
Mr. Moore believes that many of the hazy days might have yielded
good solar-constant values, for the haze changes but slowly, owing
to the extraordinarily calm conditions which prevail on Mount St.
Katherine continually.
PERSONNEL
At Washington, in compliance with the President’s wishes to make
all possible curtailment of expenditures in view of the growing
deficit in the Treasury, the force was reduced by releasing Mrs.
Muriel D. Johnson, computer, after the completion of Volume V of
the Annals. L. O. Sordahl, formerly in charge of the Mount Bruk-
karos station and who had rendered able service in that connection,
was released because of the discontinuance of that observatory as of
June 30, 1932. No other changes occurred at any of the stations.
SUMMARY
Volume V of the Annals of the Observatory, covering work of the
years 1920-1930, has been published. New instruments and results
bearing on standards of pyrheliometry have been completed. Solar-
constant work was discontinued in Southwest Africa, but continued
at the Californian and Chilean stations. The volcanic eruption in
southern Chile led to a temporary suspension of publication of daily
solar-constant values. Much work was done with the periodometer,
a special instrument devised to discover and evaluate periodicities in
long series of observations. Mr. and Mrs. Moore continued an
expedition in Africa to discover a suitable mountain site for a solar-
constant observatory. The most favorable site discovered is Mount
St. Katherine in the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.
C. G. Agsor, Director.
The SEcRETARY,
- Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 8
REPORT ON THE DIVISION OF RADIATION AND
ORGANISMS
Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac-
tivities of the Division of Radiation and Organisms during its third
year, ending June 30, 1932:
FACILITIES, SUPPORT, AND OPERATIONS
This division occupies as laboratories a large part of the basement
of the original Smithsonian Building, extending from about the
northern line of the towers westward but not including the space
under the chapel. Besides these quarters, it occupies offices in the
north tower from the fifth to the eleventh stories.
The work of the division is supported in part by the income of the
Smithsonian endowment, but largely by annual grants from the Re-
search Corporation of New York, to whom our sincere thanks are due.
Besides this aid, cooperative relations exist with the United States
Department of Agriculture, and through Doctor Meier, a fellow,
with the National Research Council. Several commercial concerns,
including the Corning Glass Works, the Bausch & Lomb Optical
Co., the Westinghouse Electric Co., and the General Electric Co.,
have been very helpful.
The chief emphasis during the past year has been upon actual
experimental work in biophysics. A number of the experiments
which were reported as in progress at the end of 1931 have been
carried to successful completion, with interesting results. Whereas
the first year was largely devoted to building and equipping a labora-
tory in the basement of the Smithsonian Institution and the second
year to the development of special apparatus for the unusual type
of research to be undertaken, the past year has found these under-
takings progressed to such a degree that efficient experimental work
was possible. Initial experiments have been carried out which lay
the foundation for continued investigations which we believe will
prove valuable.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The carbon dioxide assimilated by wheat has been measured for
light intensities varying from 78 to 1,900 foot-candles and for carbon-
dioxide concentrations varying from 0.004 to 0.500 per cent. The
66
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 67
wheat is grown in an all-vitreous tubular container illuminated
symmetrically from four sides. The wheat is protected by a sheet of
copper-sulphate solution which serves the double purpose of main-
taining the temperature and absorbing the excessive infra-red from
the artificial sources. Carbon-dioxide concentration was measured by
means of a potassium-hydroxide conductivity cell. The chief diffi-
culties in this type of measurement have arisen from the high tem-
perature coefficient and the polarization of the conductivity cell.
_ These have been overcome, respectively, by improved thermostating
which holds the solutions to within less than one one-hundredth of
% I /
of 2 3 4 5
C0, CONCENTRATION
ASSIMILATION CURVES FOR WHEAT
Figure 1.—Assimilation as a function of concentration for light intensities 400 foot-
candles and 950 foot-candles
a degree, and the installation of a commutator which reverses the
polarity of the conductivity cell without changing the direction of
the current through the galvanometer. By this method it has been
possible to secure carbon-dioxide measurements which are significant
to the order of one one-thousandth of a per cent. Typical curves of
assimilation as a function of carbon-dioxide concentration are shown
in Figure 1. Each of these curves represents the values for a single
light intensity. For a light intensity of 950 foot-candles photosyn-
thesis is proportional to the concentration of carbon dioxide from 0
to 0.04 per cent. A maximum rate is reached at a concentration of
0.140 per cent. Further increase in concentration up to one-half
per cent produces no further change in assimilation, light intensity
being the limiting factor for this range. At a lower light intensity
68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
of 400 foot-candles departure from linear proportionality to concen-
tration begins at a much lower value, of the order of 0.01 per cent,
maximum being reached at approximately 0.10 per cent, after which
no further change takes place in the range of experiment.
Referring to Figure 2 we see that for a carbon-dioxide concentra-
tion of 0.140 per cent the assimilation is proportional to the light
intensity for the range from 0 to 1,000 foot-candles. On the other
hand, for a concentration of 0.01 per cent a maximum is reached for
light intensity of 400 foot-candles, after which further imerease in
light intensity produces no change, carbon dioxide being the limit-
ing factor. It thus appears that carbon dioxide may be the limiting
factor for sufficiently high light intensities, assimilation varying
vs
-03
140
-036
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
LIGHT INTENSITY
ASSIMILATION CURVES FOR WHEAT
Ficurn 2.—Assimilation as a function of light intensity for carbon dioxide concentra-
tion 0.010, 0.036, 0.140 per cent
proportionally to the carbon-dioxide concentration over a consider-
able range. On the other hand, for sufficiently high carbon-dioxide
concentrations the light intensity may become the limiting factor,
assimilation being proportional to the light intensity. There exist,
however, well-defined regions over which the assimilation is de-
pendent upon both factors. In examining the significance of this
transition range, however, it must be borne in mind that ideal condi-
tions can not be secured. Not all the chloroplasts can be main-
tained in the same radiation density, nor can exactly the same con-
centration of carbon dioxide be brought in contact with all the sur-
faces of the leaves. Nevertheless, the apparatus has been so designed
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 69
as to minimize these difficulties. The fact that the sources of radia-
tion are symmetrically placed on all four sides not only reduces the
fluctuations of intensity as a function of direction, but, owing to the
fact that the leaves are exposed from both sides, reduces to a mini-
mum the variation of intensity through the leaf. A method of recir-
culation reduces the variation of concentration over the plant to
about one-thirtieth part of the difference between the input and the
output concentrations.
In view of these precautions it does not seem likely that the whole
of this transition range can be accounted for by variations in the
environment. It is beyond the scope of this report to enter upon a
more critical and detailed discussion of these points and the wide |
literature bearing upon them. A number of considerations are of
particular interest: First, that for an intensity of approximately
one-tenth of maximum sunlight the carbon-dioxide concentration of
air is the limiting factor. As one goes to lower light intensities,
intensity becomes first partially limiting and then wholly limiting,
so far as the actual conditions controlling the growth of higher plants
are concerned. On the other hand, by the extrapolation of the linear
portion of this curve for the range where carbon dioxide is the lim-
iting factor, together with the addition of the value a for the transi-
tion range, one may arrive at the concentration of carbon dioxide
which would be required to give a maximum assimilation for avail-
able light intensity. Assuming for such a noonday intensity 7 x
our experimental condition of 950 foot-candles one obtains
7X0.069-+-0.081=0.564 per cent.
Such an increase in available carbon dioxide would yield an
increased assimilation rate amounting at times to tenfold or more.
This experiment has been chiefly conducted by Mr. Hoover. Doc-
tor Johnston has worked with him upon some of the physiological
phases, and Doctor McAlister upon the light-intensity measure-
ments.
PLANT GROWTH
A set of individual plant-growth chambers has been completed
which enables one to make comparative observations upon the ef-
fects of different wave length distributions of light. The four
chambers have been so constructed as to permit of both lateral and
overhead illumination. They are controlled by a central circulating
system which maintains the same temperature and humidity in the
four chambers. Rate of recirculation is maintained constant by
flow meters. The same nutrient solution is used throughout. With
this complete control of environment one can be assured of the
significance of growth effects arising from modifications in light
conditions alone.
70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
A first experiment has been conducted by Doctor Johnston with
this equipment, which indicates that an excessive intensity in the
less refrangible end of the spectrum, that is, the infra-red and
extreme red, is accountable for much of the abnormal appearance of
plants grown in artificial ight. Further experiments will be con-
ducted which will indicate to what degree the long wave length end
of the spectrum should be excluded. In the present experiment a
portion of the red as well as the infra-red was cut off. Very likely
this will not be necessary.
A set of color filters of unusually great diameter has been ob-
tained through the cooperation of the Corning Glass Works. These
present interesting possibilities for the investigation of the effects
of light upon plant growth. Figure 3 shows the transmission char-
acteristics which we have obtained from these filters. In this dia-
gram transmission in per cent is plotted against wave length in
microns. This group offers an opportunity to study the effects of
2 sy ee “6 ie 1.0 12 1.4 ué
FIGURE 3.—Transmission curves of growth chamber filters
different portions of the visible light, since the range of wave
lengths which may be supplied to the plants can be varied in con-
venient steps. The effects of photochemical reactions which may
proceed only for wave lengths shorter than some specified value may
be observed from the growth of plants under these various filters.
ALGAE
Dr. Florence Meier, National Research fellow, cooperating with
Doctor McAlister of our laboratory, has conducted an interesting set
of experiments on the lethal effects of the ultra-violet upon unicel-
lular algae. This work has been made possible through the com-
pletion of a special combined spectrometer and self-recording mono-
chromator. The instrument is of unusually great aperture as well
as dispersive power. Two fused quartz prisms some 15 cm high,
yield a large spread of the spectrum, which makes it possible to work
with the relatively large slit widths required by the necessarily
coarse-structured biological plates which are prepared by forming
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY real
a surface inoculation of algae upon agar. A special plate holder
has been constructed which can be thoroughly sterilized in an auto-
clave, and which completely surrounds the algal plate even during
exposure, thus insuring freedom from contamination. A thermo-
couple is driven across the spectrum and automatically records the
intensities of the lines under the same conditions as those to which
the algae have been exposed. The algal plates are then photographed
and a densitometer record made just as one would with an ordinary
photographic spectrum.
| | ! |
2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400
2s00 2600 2700 2800 2900
2500 2600 2700 2300 2900 3000 3100
Ficurp 4.—Mercury are spectrograms: A direct thermocouple record ; B, microphotometer
record of photograph; C, microphotometer record of algal plate
Figure 4 shows, first, the direct thermocouple record obtained au-
tomatically, curve A; second, the microphotometric record of a photo-
graphic spectrogram of the same general region, curve B; and third,
such a microphotometric record of the algal plate, curve C.
72 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932.
PHOTOTROPISM
Phototropic investigations previously reported have been carried
further into the blue end of the spectrum. It has been found that
a maximum is reached at 4,500 A., the phototropic response drop-
ping off rapidly then as one proceeds to 4,000 A. The results of the
investigation at this stage were reported by Doctor Johnston to
the American Society of Plant Physiologists at New Orleans in De-
cember of this year. Later experiments have indicated that de-
partures from a simple curve, rising to a maximum and falling off
again, are present. Further research is being carried on in order
to determine whether fine structure may be present which would
have an interesting bearing upon the theory of phototropism.
ULTRA-VIOLET
Ultra-violet measurements of the mercury are with the double
monochromator previously reported have been carried to the point
where absolute intensities can be determined with reasonable cer-
tainty. The results of this investigation are in the process of pub-
lication by Doctor McAlister.
COOPERATION
Cooperative work with the Department of Agriculture has been
greatly advanced by the appointment to their staff in the Bureau
of Plant Industry, under Dr. Walter T. Swingle, of Dr. Lauriston
T. Marshall. Doctor Marshall is working closely with this division
upon their problems in determining the effects of radiation upon non-
competitive crop plants. Doctor Marshall is a physicist with special
qualifications in the fields of photoelectricity and electrical conduc-
tivity through gases. The division has profited greatly by his asso-
ciation, as his experience supplements that of the physicists of the
division, whose line of work has been chiefly in spectroscopic fields.
Continued cooperation with the Fixed Nitrogen Research Labora-
tory has made possible convenient exchange of facilities. Arrange-
ments have been made with the Westinghouse Laboratories for the
exchange of thermocouples and photocells, which will greatly facili-
tate our ultra-violet work.
Respectfully submitted.
F. S. Bracxert, Chief.
Dr. C. G. Apgor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 9
REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF
SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera-
tions of the United States Regional Bureau of the International
Catalogue of Scientific Literature for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1932:
In addition to the regular routine work of the bureau, direct cor-
respondence with the former regional bureaus has been carried on in
an attempt to resume the actual publication of this unique reference
catalogue, whose absence is keenly felt alike by students of science
and librarians. To this end the Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution addressed the following letter to 30 of the various bodies
formerly cooperating in the work:
JANUARY 15, 1932.
Drar Sim: Since publication of the International Catalogue of Scientific
Literature was discontinued, its need both to students of science and libraries
has become ever more pressing, and the Smithsonian Institution desires to do
everything possible to promote reorganization of the enterprise. I am writing
to aSk whether your institution will again cooperate in the work by supplying
classified references to the current scientific literature of your region if a suffi-
cient capital fund can be provided to reestablish and finance the central bureau.
If publication is to be resumed, aid from the regional bureaus formerly co-
operating is essential to success; therefore I trust that your reply will be
favorable, as it is obvious that the value of the work will depend on all regions
being suitably represented.
I am inclosing with this a brief outline of the proposed organization plans,
together with copies of three annual reports of this bureau containing matter
relating to same subject.
Very truly yours,
(Signed ) C. G. Asgor, Secretary.
PROPOSED REORGANIZATION OF THE) INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC
LITERATURE
In 1922 the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature in convention at
Brussels directed its executive committee to submit a plan for reorganization
when international conditions had sufficiently improved. Since then, however,
international political and financial conditions have been such that no reorgani-
zation plan has been forthcoming. The need for the catalogue is to-day greater
than when publication ceased and nothing has appeared to take its place.
The organization, consisting of some 34 regional bureaus, cooperating through
the Central Bureau in London, supplied classified-index references for the cata-
logue, and this method appears to have been ideal in accomplishing this the
144136—32——6 73
74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
most difficult phase of the work. Moved by the fixed desire to see this. great
work resumed, the Smithsonian Institution is now addressing the bodies for-
merly cooperating requesting assurances of renewed aid by supplying classified
indexes to the scientific literature of their respective regions. The Institution
has figures showing that a catalogue consisting of 10,000 pages, divided into 17
annual volumes, can be published to sell at a cost of $50 per year, provided
1,000 subscriptions can be had.
The situation is now far simpler than it was when the organization was
founded in 1900, for then no precedent existed for such an international co-
operative enterprise. Now the successful publication of 238 volumes aggregat-
ing some 140,000 pages of the International Catalogue is substantial and con-
vincing proof that the original plan was feasible. War and disorganized
international conditions alone were responsible for the necessity of suspending
publication. Faults existed, but faults mainly brought about by lack of capital
and a somewhat slow and expensive method of printing through private con-
cerns. It is now proposed to remedy these defects through the ownership of a
specially designed and equipped plant to print only the International Catalogue.
By this means it is believed that the catalogue can be printed for approxi-
mately one-half the original cost and the two main defects formerly existing—
high prices and delayed publication—be remedied.
It is apparent that in the proposed reorganization it is first necessary to obtain
assurance from regional bureaus that the aid formerly given can be depended
on again to supply classified references, as in this cooperation lay the outstand-
ing and unique value of the whole project.
When such assurance is received the next step will be to solicit subscriptions
to determine whether editions of 1,000 sets of 17 annual volumes can be sold
in order to reduce the price to $50 per set.
With these essential requirements satisfactorily met and a concise plan of
operations agreed to, it is hoped and expected that the necessary capital to
resume publication, estimated at $75,000, can be obtained.
Operating details may well be based on the records and regulations of the
organization as formerly carried out by the London Central Bureau.
Responses to these communications have been most gratifying and
encouraging, as 16 of the 18 replies received from organizations
addressed have agreed to cooperate again on the terms outlined.
For various reasons, owing to social and political changes resulting
from the war, successful contacts have not been made in a number of
regions; but it is believed that when a definite plan has been agreed
to among the bodies already cooperating, all regional gaps can be
filled, as the importance of the work is so well recognized that no
country or region could afford to be omitted.
Respectfully submitted.
Lronarp C. GUNNELL,
Assistant in Charge.
Dr. Cuartes G. Apgor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 10
REPORT ON THE LIBRARY
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi-
ties of the Smithsonian library for the fiscal year ended June 80, 1932:
THE LIBRARY
The library of the Smithsonian Institution is really a library sys-
tem, for it comprises 45 distinct libraries, namely, the Smithsonian
deposit in the Library of Congress, office library, Langley aeronauti-
cal library, radiation and organisms library, the libraries of the
United States National Museum, Bureau of American Ethnology,
Astrophysical Observatory, National Gallery of Art, Freer Gallery
of Art, National Zoological Park, and the 35 sectional libraries of
the National Museum, which are the daily tools of the curators and
their assistants. The system contains somewhat more than 800,000
volumes, pamphlets, and charts, as well as many thousands of items
still uncatalogued or awaiting completion.
THE STAFF
At the close of the calendar year Miss Kate Gallaher, under
library assistant, after more than 50 years of faithful Government
service, most of it in the Smithsonian library, was retired, and her
place was filled by the promotion of Miss Virginia C. Whitney,
minor library assistant. To the vacancy thus occasioned was ap-
pointed Bruce Middleton, a graduate of the University of Rochester,
who had had several years of library and clerical experience in the
Rochester public library and the United States Census Bureau. The
services of Mrs. Grace A. Parler, in the library of the Freer Gallery
of Art, were continued. The other temporary employees were Mrs.
Daisy Cadle, Miss Frances Finch, Miss Alice Elizabeth Hill, Miss
Margaret Link, and Miss Jennette Seiler.
EXCHANGE OF PUBLICATIONS
In the course of the last year the library received 24,651 packages
of one or more publications each, most of them exchanges. Espe-
cially large sendings came from the Audubon Association of the
Pacific, San Francisco; Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde, Leipzig; Hiro-
75
76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
shima University, Hiroshima; Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Barce-
lona; Landesmuseums-verein fiir Vorarlberg, Bregenz; Lingnan
University, Canton; Magyar Aero Szévetseg, Budapest; Royal
Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, London;
R. Universita, Pavia; and Saalburgmuseum, Homburg vor der
Héhe. Among the publications received were 5,340 dissertations,
chiefly from foreign universities and technical schools.
The correspondence of the library, involving 2,836 letters, or 1,028
more than the previous year, had to do largely, as usual, with the
exchange of publications. The number of items obtained to meet
special needs in various libraries of the Institution was 4,183, or 5438
more than in 1931, the greatest increase being shown, in those
received for the library of the National Museum, where a special
effort was made to check the standard sets.
GIFTS
Three gifts were outstanding—namely, a set, in 45 volumes, of
the Phra Tripitaka, recently translated from the Bali into Siamese
by the Mahamongkut Academy, from His Majesty the King of
Siam in honor of His Majesty the late King Phra Mongkut Klao
and for the encouragement of orientalists in their studies of the
eastern classics; a set, in 3 volumes, of the translation into Siamese
of the Paramatthamanjusa Visuddhi Maggatika (Commentaries on
the Visuddhi-Magga), from His Excellency Chao Phya Abbai Raja;
and a copy of Cristoforo Colombo—Documenti & prove della sua ap-
partenenza a Genova, presented by His Excellency Dino Grandi
during his recent visit to Washington as Royal Italian Minister of
Foreign Affairs. Two other very important gifts were a copy, in 3
volumes, of Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization, edited by Sir
John Marshall, from the editor, and one of volumes 19 and 20, with
portfolios of plates, of The North American Indian, by Edward S.
Curtis, from Mrs. E. H. Harriman—to complete the Smithsonian set
of this superb work. Still other gifts included the following: Birds
of Tropical West Africa, volume 2, by David Armitage Bannerman,
from the Crown Agents for the Colonies; The Crosses and Culture
of Ireland, by A. Kingsley Porter, from the Metropolitan Museum
of Art; Faraday and His Metallurgical Researches, by Sir Robert
A. Hadfield, from Maj. Gen. George O. Squier; Illustrated Cata-
logues of the Gustave Dreyfus Collection (Reliefs and Plaquettes,
Medals, Bronzes), 3 volumes, from Sir Joseph Duveen; Lllustra-
tions of Japanese Aquatic Plants and Animals, 2 volumes, by the
Fisheries Society of Japan, from the society; An Introduction to the
Literature of Vertebrate Zoology, edited by Casey A. Wood, from the
Blacker Library of Zodlogy, McGill University; Les Oiseaux de
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY TOA
V’Indochine Francaise, by J. Delacour and P. Jabouille, from J. Dela-
cour; and Problems in Modern Physics, by H. A. Lorentz, from
Robert A. Millikan. The largest miscellaneous gifts were 31 publi-
cations from Miss Margaret Miller, 37 from Dr. Adam G. Bégving,
58 from the American Association of Museums, 70 from Mrs. Jean
L. G. Ferris, 144 from the Library of Congress, 454 from Hamilton
College, 615 from William Perry Hay, and 650 from the American
Association for the Advancement of Science. Several hundred also
came, as usual, from Mrs. Charles D. Walcott.
The members and associates of the Institution who gave publica-
tions to the library were as follows: Secretary Abbot, Assistant Sec-
retary Wetmore, Dr. R. S. Bassler, Dr. Marcus Benjamin, A. N.
Caudell, A. H. Clark, W. L. Corbin, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, Miss
Kate Gallaher, A. H. Howell, Dr. AleS Hrdlitka, Neil M. Judd, Dr.
W. R. Maxon, G. S. Miller, jr., C. W. Mitman, A. J. Olmsted,
W. de C. Ravenel, J. H. Riley, and Dr. William Schaus. From the
late Dr. Charles W. Richmond also were received 100 or more vol-
umes and pamphlets, not a few of which were rare works on natural
history.
THE SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT
The Smithsonian deposit in the Library of Congress is the largest
and most important member of the Smithsonian library system; it
consists chiefly of the reports, transactions, and proceedings of
learned societies and institutions, and of scientific and technical
monographs and journals. The collection numbers considerably more
than 500,000 volumes, pamphlets, and charts. It is shelved mainly
in the Smithsonian and periodical divisions. During the year just
closed the Institution added to the deposit 2,872 volumes, 11,712 parts
of volumes, 2,883 pamphlets, and 180 charts—a total of 17,647 pub-
lications. These included 3,436 dissertations. They also included
2.445 publications which the Smithsonian library obtained by ex-
change in response to special requests from the Smithsonian, peri-
odical, and order divisions of the Library of Congress. Several
thousand documents of foreign governments were sent to the docu-
ments division of the Library.
NATIONAL MUSEUM LIBRARY
The library of the United States National Museum is one of the
principal units in the Smithsonian library system. In its 2 major
and 85 minor collections—chiefly on natural history and technol-
ogy—there are 82,144 volumes and 109,962 pamphlets. The year just
closed was one of unusual accomplishment. The accessions were
2,737 volumes and 833 pamphlets, a gain of 210 over the previous
year. The number of periodicals entered was 9,025, or 226 more than
in 1931. The cataloguing and recataloguing covered 2,236 volumes,
78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
1,006 pamphlets, and 17 charts—an increase of 818 over the year
before. The number of cards added to the catalogue was 12,055, or
862 more than in 1931; the number added to the Museum shelf lists,
1,244; and the number prepared for the union shelf list in the Smith-
sonian Building, 1,741. The items sent to the 35 sectional libraries
numbered 5,726 volumes and parts. The number of volumes sent to
the bindery was 1,480. The Smithsonian library obtained in ex-
change for the Museum 1.377 volumes and parts that were lacking
in its sets, 287 more than in 1931. The loans during the year to the
staff of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches totaled 9,096
publications, or 1,875 more than in 1931. Two-thirds of these were
made at the loan desk in the Natural History Building and one-
third at the recently established loan desk in the Arts and Industries
Building. The number of publications borrowed from the Library
of Congress was 2,662, and elsewhere 477; the number sent back
to the Library of Congress was 2,800, and to other libraries 532.
These figures show a considerable increase over those for 1931.
Loans were made to many libraries in Washington and to some out-
side. The questions answered by the reference assistants were even
more numerous and difficult than usual, some involving a great deal
of research. Most came from the scientific staff and the public in
general, but many from visiting scientists from various parts of
the country. Increased attention was given by the catalogue division
to the analysis of standard sets, with a view to making the catalogue
as complete a key as possible to these publications.
The sectional libraries were somewhat changed during the year.
Those of mechanical technology and mineral technology became that
of engineering, those of American archeology and Old World arche-
ology that of archeology, and a sectional library of agricultural his-
tory was begun. These libraries, now 35 in number, are as follows:
Administration. Invertebrate paleontology.
Administrative assistant’s office. Mammals. ©
Agricultural history. : Marine invertebrates.
Anthropology. Medicine.
Archeology. Minerals.
Biology. Mollusks.
Birds. Organic chemistry.
Botany. Paleobotany.
Hchinoderms. Photography.
Editor’s office. Physical anthropology.
Engineering. Property clerk’s office.
Ethnology. Reptiles and batrachians.
Fishes. Superintendent’s office.
Foods. Taxidermy.
Geology. Textiles.
Graphic arts. Vertebrate paleontology.
History. Wood technology.
Insects.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 79
OFFICE LIBRARY
The office library consists mainly of books of reference and sets
of the publications of the Institution and its bureaus and of other
learned institutions and societies. It also contains a collection of
general literature, including files of semipopular magazines. To
this library were added during the last year 182 volumes and 47
pamphlets. The assistants in charge entered 2,889 periodicals, pre-
pared 477 cards for the catalogue, filed 1,938 shelf-list and cata-
logue cards, and loaned 3,070 publications. Besides members of the
staff, there were 644 visitors, many of whom came for information
about the activities and collections of the Institution.
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY LIBRARY
The library of the Bureau of American Ethnology is made up
largely of works on the archeology, history, customs, languages, and
general culture of the early American peoples, notably the North
American Indian. The library has 30,071 volumes and 16,867
pamphlets, together with thousands of unbound periodicals and
numerous photographs, manuscripts, and Indian vocabularies. The
additions during the year were 400 volumes and 150 pamphlets. The
number of periodicals entered was 3,400; of cards prepared for the
catalogue, 5,004; of volumes bound, 200; and of loans made, 2,156.
The reference service of the library was unusually large, both to
Smithsonian scientists and to students and others outside the Insti-
tution.
ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY LIBRARY
The library of the Astrophysical Observatory is a working collec-
tion of 4,857 volumes and 3,467 pamphlets, chiefly on astrophysics
and meteorology. The accessions for the year were 169 volumes and
275 pamphlets. The number of periodicals entered was 951, and of
publications obtained in exchange by special request 84. The loans
were 106.
RADIATION AND ORGANISMS LIBRARY
The library of radiation and organisms, begun in 1929, was in-
creased during the year by 96 volumes. Among these was almost a
complete set of Science, which was made up largely from duplicates
already in the possession of the Institution. The number of publi-
cations received in exchange in response to special requests was 48.
The periodicals entered were 658. The library now has 190 volumes,
9 pamphlets, and 6 charts.
80 ANNUAL REPORT’ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
LANGLEY AERONAUTICAL LIBRARY
The Langley aeronautical library, which for the most part has
been on deposit since 1930, under its own name and bookplate, in
the aeronautical division of the Library of Congress, was collected
chiefly by Secretary Langley of the Smithsonian while he was carry-
ing on his well-known experiments and researches in aeronautics.
Some of the more important items were once the property of other
aeronautical pioneers, especially Alexander Graham Bell, Octave
Chanute, and James Means. The collection has files of the early
aeronautical magazines and many photographs, letters, and news-
paper clippings. It numbers 1,908 volumes and 1,086 pamphlets.
The library was increased during the year by 52 volumes, 623 parts
of volumes, and 30 pamphlets.
NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY
The library of the National Gallery of Art is a carefully selected
collection of 1,334 volumes and 1,416 pamphlets, mainly on American
and European art. In 1932 it was increased by 91 volumes and 84
pamphlets. Among the accessions were Enciclopedia Italiana,
Volumes I-XIII; Die Propylien-kunstgeschichte, Volumes I-XV;
and Life Portraits of George Washington, by John Hill Morgan and
Mantle Fielding. The periodicals entered were 387. As usual, most
of the routine work was done by the general library staff.
FREER GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY
The library of the Freer Gallery of Art consists chiefly of publi-
cations on the arts and cultures of the Far East, India, Persia, and
the nearer East. Many of these, some of which are very rare, are
not to be found elsewhere in Washington. The collection also has
numerous works on some of the American painters, notably James
McNeill Whistler, and on the famous Washington manuscripts of
the Bible. The additions to the main collection during 1932 were
254 volumes and 163 pamphlets. At the close of the year it num-
bered 4,677 volumes and 8,311 pamphlets, while the special collection
used by the field staff in connection with the gallery’s archeological
work contained approximately 800 volumes and 500 pamphlets. The
number of volumes bound was 21. The work of reclassifying and
recataloguing the library was completed, except for various publi-
cations in Japanese and Chinese. The catalogue and shelf list were
increased by 3,507 cards, and 2,666 cards were prepared for filing in
the union catalogue at the Smithsonian Institution.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 81
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK LIBRARY
The library of the National Zoological Park numbers 1,221 vol-
umes and 410 pamphlets; the additions in 1932 were 4 volumes and
3 pamphlets. .
SUMMARY OF ACCESSIONS
The accessions for the year may be summarized as follows:
: Pam-
Library Volumes} phlets Total
and charts
AStropinysicali@pservatory 2i-2- £2220 soos oe eon cee ee eee 169 275 444
Bureau of American Ethnology_-_...-.._---_----------------------------- 400 150 550
HTrecMGAllenyOMPAT eee ene ee use. SR NOR Tl eed 254 163 417
iancleyaneronautical: 22) are tee eS pe rere ee Yaa 52 30 82
NpiionalGallenyaoteArt oss s bel eee Rates See eae 91 84 175
National Zoological Parks) 2.222223 _. 9 seats beck ai 2ke 4 3 ia
RACianionandsOrranisms. 2) a Fels eet ye Pe ee ol ee 96 0 96
Smithsonian deposit, Library of Congress___.__.___.._..------------------ 2, 872 3, 063 5, 935
AS TOUT FG OMAUS TON IOC ESS Ne UL I et Ia ES ae ee Re eA rae 132 47 179
United States National Museum__________-_-_____-____2. ieee 2, 737 833, 3, 570
UO eee aeeneee ee 3) pins oye eel es Dh ree Bree 6, 807 4, 648 11, 455
On June 30, 1932, the Smithsonian library system contained ap-
_ proximately the following:
RYOTE sen tone Reet ee whet. eine OL Ol EA a te OS See Ae See 584, 864
TAN Cust s et ieee te ee PSG. a ie Oe Poe 196, 945
Chieti cpa aa hre nie aber Were te i ee deel tel ae Se a 26, 526
ZING) 1s 31] ee nC me rere 0 Se. Sete ee ep SS ee 808, 335
The system also had many thousands of volumes still uncata-
logued or incomplete.
UNION CATALOGUE
In addition to cataloguing the current items as they came in, the
staff made considerable progress in recataloguing the botanical col-
lection of the National Museum, and almost finished the reclassify-
ing and recataloguing of the library of the Freer Gallery of Art.
The following statistics will show the work on the union catalogue
and shelf list:
AV CrlMTTN eS Cal tall OSU CC aan oui ee eat ee ere Slee ee eee Be 1 eee 4, 922
WOlTIMES NCC LALOR OC eees a aa sees GES LIOR eres EM Rd NE PE Ae 13
Pamphlets catalogueds 222. 4 GQreh LBS DALAT ery ei ee SE Fe Zalos
Pamphlets recatalogueds 22 = <= 2 Se he a a ee oe ee 3
Charts: cataloged —— 2a ea a Se ee Se 197
Typed cards added to catalogue and shelf list-________________________ 9, 848
Library of Congress cards added to catalogue and shelf list____________ 13, 208
Museum, cards copied for union shelf list_-___——=_—_ =e 1, 741
Freer cards prepared for union catalogue and shelf list, to be added
82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
SPECIAL ACTIVITIES
Still further progress was made during the year in putting the
scientific duplicates in the west stacks in order. The shelves of the
botanical library were completely rearranged. About 50 sacks of
the publications of the Institution and its branches, which had been
returned as duplicates from various libraries throughout the
country, were opened and their items examined and grouped. As a
result, thousands of publications were sent back to stock for redis-
tribution, and nearly 250 that were out of print were found for the
sets that the library system has been trying for many years to
complete. Duplicates were exchanged with several institutions, and
many publications not needed by the Smithsonian or its bureaus
were turned over to other Government libraries.
The librarian lectured several times in Washington and Balti-
more on Washington the Man of Books and Patron of American
Letters. In the course of his remarks he called attention to two
matters of especial interest to the Smithsonian Institution. One
was the gift of a set of Histoire Generale des Voyages, in 20 volumes,
from the Marquis de Rochambeau to Washington, which on its way
to the United States was captured on the high seas by a British
cruiser and taken to England. It was later found in a London book
shop by Prof. George Brown Goode, then Assistant Secretary of
the Institution, brought to America, and presented to Mount
Vernon, where it now reposes in Washington’s library. The other
was a letter that Washington wrote to Jonathan Edwards on August
28, 1788, thanking him for a copy of his recent book entitled
“Observations on the Language of the Muhhekaneew Indians.”
In this letter Washington said: “I have long regretted that so many
Tribes of the American Aborigines should have become almost or
entirely extinct, without leaving such vestiges, as that the genius
and idiom of their language might be traced. Perhaps, from such
sources, the descent or kindred of nations, whose origins are lost in
remote antiquity or illiterate darkness, might be more rationally
investigated, than in any other mode.” Thus the many-sided Wash-
ington showed himself one of the first men in our country to realize
the great importance of the preservation and study of the languages
of the North American Indians as a means of tracing the history
of these early people.
IMPORTANT BEGINNINGS
Toward the close of the year a beginning was made in reorganiz-
ing the order division of the library with a view to developing a
more modern and efficient procedure and one more closely related to
that in the other divisions. Plans were also worked out for making
a file of the library’s exchange relations, to the end of having imme-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 83
diately at hand for the use of the periodical division, especially the
correspondence section, full data pertaining to the library’s ex-
changes and of facilitating the more frequent revision of its
exchange lists in keeping with the needs of stricter economy. And,
perhaps most important of all, arrangements were completed for
preparing an index to the publications of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, National Museum, Astrophysical Observatory, and Bureau of
American Ethnology. This will be a dictionary index and will at
first be on Library of Congress cards. Cards for all the publications,
except volumes 1 to 36 of the Proceedings of the National Museum,
are already available, and the Smithsonian. library staff will soon
set about supplying manuscript to the Library of Congress for the
printing of cards for these volumes. It is hoped that if some day
the Institution is in position to publish the index, the material for
it will be ready. The need for such an index is, of course, apparent
to everyone.
Respectfully submitted.
Wiiiiam L. Corsin, Librarian.
Dr. Caries G. Agsort,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 11
REPORT ON PUBLICATIONS
Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the
publications of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government
bureaus under its administrative charge during the year ending
June 30, 1932: }
As announced last year, the three editorial offices formerly existing
under the Institution have been consolidated into one central office
under the general direction of the editor of the Smithsonian. This
arrangement has proved to be very satisfactory; it has produced a
more uniform style and greater accuracy in the different series pub-
lished by the Institution, has speeded up the appearance of the
publications, and has centralized the business operations connected
with the Institution’s editorial work.
PUBLICATIONS ISSUED DURING THE YEAR
The Institution proper published during the year 17 papers in the
series of Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1 annual report and
pamphlet copies of the 29 articles contained in the report appendix,
Volume V of the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, and 3
special publications. The United States National Museum issued 1
annual report, 2 volumes of proceedings, 5 complete bulletins, 3 parts
of bulletins, 1 paper in the series Contributions from the National
Herbarium, and 53 separates from the proceedings. The Bureau of
American Ethnology published 7 bulletins.
Of these publications, there were distributed 204,240 copies, which
included 118 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Contribu-
tions to Knowledge, 44,057 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian -
Miscellaneous Collections, 30,560 volumes and separates of the
Smithsonian Annual Reports, 6,061 Smithsonian special publica-
tions, 101,975 volumes and separates of the various series of the
National Museum publications, 22,867 publications of the Bureau of
American Ethnology, 49 publications of the National Gallery of
Art, 70 publications of the Freer Gallery of Art, 1,041 volumes of the
Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, 50 reports of the Harri-
man Alaska Expedition, and 699 reports of the American Historical
Association.
84
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 85
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 82, 1 paper
and title-page and table of contents were issued; volume 85, 8 papers
and addendum to number 4; volume 86, whole volume; and volume
87, 7 papers, making 17 papers in all, as follows:
VOLUME 82
No. 11. Recently dated Pueblo ruins in Arizona, by Hmil W. Haury and
Lyndon lL. Hargrave. 120 pp., 27 pls., 35 text figs. (Publ. 3069.) August
18, 1931.
Title-page and table of contents. (Publ. 3132.)
VOLUME 85
No. 4. Mexican mosses collected by Brother Arséne Brouard—III, by I. Thé-
riot. 44 p., 22 text figs. (Publ. 3122.) August 25, 1931.
Addendum. Index to papers by I. Thériot on Mexican mosses collected by
Brother Arséne Brouard published by the Smithsonian Institution.
No. 5. Infra-red absorption bands of hydrogen cyanide in gas and liquid, by
F. §S. Brackett and Urner Liddel. 8 pp., 5 figs. (Publ. 3123.) August 5, 1931.
No. 6. Morphology of the insect abdomen. Part I. General structure of the
abdomen and its appendages, by R. H. Snodgrass. 128 pp., 46 text figs. (Publ.
3124.) November 6, 1931.
No. 7. Effectiveness in nature of the so-called protective adaptations in the
animal kingdom, chiefly as illustrated by the food habits of Nearctic birds,
by W. L. McAtee. 201 pp. (Publ. 3125.) March 15, 1932.
No. 8. Modern square grounds of the Creek Indians, by John R. Swanton.
46 pp., 5 pls., 15 text figs. (Publ. 3126.) November 11, 1931.
No. 9. The determination of ozone by spectrobolometric measurements, by
Oliver R. Wulf. 12 pp., 3 pls., 5 text figs. (Publ. 3127.) November 30, 1931.
No. 10. Human hair and primate patterning, by Gerrit S. Miller, jr. 18 pp.,
5 pls. (Publ. 3130.) December 19, 1931.
No. 11. Supplementary notes on body radiation, by L. B. Aldrich. 12 pp., 5
text figs. (Publ. 3133.) February 2, 1932.
VOLUME 86
(Whole volume.) Smithsonian Meteorological Tables. Fifth revised edition.
282 pp., 1 text fig. (Publ. 3116.) January 11, 1931.
VOLUME 87
No. 1. The botanical collections of William Lobb in Colombia, by Ellsworth
P. Killip. 13 pp. (Publ. 3133.) February 4, 1932.
No. 2. A Miocene long-beaked porpoise from California, by Remington Kel-
logg. 11 pp.,4 pls. (Publ. 3135.) January 22, 1932.
No. 3. Seth Eastman: The master painter of the North American Indian, by
David I. Bushnell, jr. 18 pp., 15 pls., 1 text fig. (Publ. 3186.) April 11, 1982.
No. 4. The periodometer: An instrument for finding and evaluating periodici-
ties in long series of observations, by C.G. Abbot. 6 pp.,1pl., 1 text fig. (Publ.
3138.) February 6, 1932.
_No. 5. The narrative of a southern Cheyenne woman, by Truman Michelson.
13 pp. (Publ. 3140.) March 21, 1932.
86 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
No. 6. Composition of the Caddoan linguistic stock, by Alexander Lesser and
Gene Weltfish. 15 pp. (Publ. 3141.) May 14, 1932.
No. 8. Graphic correlation of radiation and biological data, by F. S. Brackett.
Tpp. (Publ. 3170.) May 17, 1982.
No. 9. Periodicity in solar variation, by C. G. Abbot and Gladys T. Bond.
14 pp., 2 pls., 8 text figs. (Publ. 3172.) May 24, 1932.
SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORT
Report for 1930.—The complete volume of the Annual Report of
the Board of Regents for 1930 was received from the Public Printer
in December, 1931.
Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution show-
ing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year
ending June 30, 1930. xii+650 pp., 191 pls., 57 text figs. (Publ. 3077.)
The appendix contained the following papers:
Beyond the red in the spectrum, by H. D. Babcock.
Growth in our knowledge of the sun, by Charles H. St. John.
The modern sun cult, by J. W. Sturmer.
The moon and radioactivity, by V. S. Forbes.
Modern concepts in physics and their relation to chemistry, by Irving
Langmuir.
Waves and corpuscles in modern physics, by Louis de Broglie.
New researches on the effect of light waves on the growth of plants, by F. S.
Brackett and Earl S. Johnston.
The Autogiro: Its characteristics and accomplishments, by Harold F. Pitcairn.
Ten years’ gliding and soaring in Germany, by Prof. Dr. Walter Georgii.
The first rains and their geological significance, by Assar Hadding.
Weather and glaciation, by Chester A. Reeds. :
Wild life protection: An urgent problem, by Ernest P. Walker.
The nesting habits of Wagler’s Oropendola on Barro Colorado Island, by
Frank M. Chapman.
The rise of applied entomology in the United States, by L. O. Howard.
Man and insects, by L. O. Howard.
The use of fish poisons in South America, by Ellsworth P. Killip and Albert C.
Smith.
A rare parasitic food plant of the Southwest, by Frank A. Thackery and
M. French Gilman.
The mechanism of organic evolution, by Charles B. Davenport.
Extra chromosomes, a source of variations in the Jimson Weed, by Albert F.
Blakeslee.
The age of the human race in the light of geology, by Stephen Richarz.
Elements of the culture of the circumpolar zone, by W. G. Bogoras.
The Tell en-Nasbeh Excavations of 1929—a preliminary report, by William
Frederic Badé.
Recent progress in the field of Old World prehistory, by George Grant Mac-
Curdy.
Ancient seating furniture in the collections of the United States National
Museum, by Walter Hough.
Aspects of aboriginal decorative art in America based on specimens in the
United States National Museum, by Herbert W. Krieger.
The acclimatization of the white race in the Tropics, by Robert De C. Ward.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 87
The eighth wonder: The Holland Vehicular Tunnel, by Carl C. Gray and H. F.
Hagen.
Jesse Walter Fewkes, by John R. Swanton and F. H. H. Roberts, jr.
George Perkins Merrill, by Charles Schuchert.
Report for 1931.—The report of the executive committee and pro-
ceedings of the Board of Regents of the Institution and the report
of the Secretary, both forming parts of the annual report of the
Board of Regents to Congress, were issued in December, 1931.
Report of the executive committee and proceedings of the Board of Regents
of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1931. 12 pp.
(Publ. 3129.)
Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending
June 30, 1931. 159 pp., 2 pls., 9 text figs. (Publ. 3128.)
The Report volume, containing the general appendix, was in press
at the close of the year.
ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY PUBLICATIONS
Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, Vol. V, by C. G. Abbot, L. B. Aldrich,
and F. E. Fowle. 295 pp., 9 pls., 33 text figs. (Publ. 3121.) April 20, 1932.
FREER GALLERY OF ART PUBLICATIONS
The Freer Gallery of Art. 5 pp. (Fourth printing.) August 6, 1932.
SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS
Explorations and field work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1931. 190 pp.,
182 figs. (Publ. 3134.) April 21, 1932.
Handbook of the National Aircraft Collection exhibited in the United States
National Museum under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, by Paul
Edward Garber. Fourth edition. 32 pp., 38 illustrations. (Publ. 3139.) April
5, 1932.
Smithsonian Mathematical Tables—Hyperbolic Functions. Prepared by
George F. Becker and C. E. Van Orstrand. Fourth reprint. 321 pp. (Publ. 1871.)
October 23, 1931.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
The editorial work of the National Museum has continued during
the year under the immediate direction of the editor, Paul H. Oehser.
There were issued 1 annual report, 2 volumes of proceedings. 5 com-
plete bulletins, 3 parts of bulletins, 1 paper in the series Contribu-
tions from the National Herbarium, and 53 separates from the
proceedings.
The issues of the bulletin were as follows:
Bulletin 100, vol. 2. Papers on collections gathered by the Albatross Philippine
expedition, 1907-1910.
Bulletin 104. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean. Part 8. Rotaliidae,
Amphisteginidae, Calcarinidae, Cymbaloporettidae, Globorotaliidae, Anoma-
linidae, Planorbulinidae, Rupertiidae, and Homotremidae, by Joseph Augus-
tine Cushman.
Bulletin 156. Aboriginal Indian pottery of the Dominican Republic, by Herbert
W. Krieger.
88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1932
Bulletin 157. The butterflies of the District of Columbia and vicinity, by Austin
H, Clark.
Bulletin 159. The birds of the Natuna Islands, by Harry C. Oberholser.
Bulletin 160. Mexican tailless amphibians in the United States National Mu-
seum, by Remington Kellogg.
Bulletin 161. The Foraminifera of the Tropical Pacific collections of the Alba-
tross, 1899-1900. Part 1.—Astrorhizidae to Trochamminidae, by Joseph A.
Cushman.
Bulletin 162. Life histories of North American Gallinaceous birds. Orders
Galliformes and Columbiformes, by Arthur Cleveland Bent.
The following paper was issued in the series Contributions from
the National Herbarium:
Volume 28, Part 2. The American species of Thibaudieae, by Albert C. Smith.
Of the separates from the proceedings, 28 were from volume 79, 21
from volume 80, and 4 from volume 81.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
The editorial work of the bureau has continued under the imme-
diate direction of the editor, Stanley Searles. During the year seven
bulletins were issued, as follows:
Bulletin 94. Tobacco among the Karuk Indians of California (Harrington).
Xxxvi+284 pp., 26 pls., 3 figs.
Bulletin 98. Tales of the Cochiti Indians (Benedict). x-+256 pp.
Bulletin 102. Menominee music (Densmore). xxii+230 pp., 27 pls., 3 figs.
Bulletin 103. Source material for the social and ceremonial life of the Choctaw
Indians (Swanton). vii+282 pp., 6 pls., 1 fig.
Bulletin 104. A survey of prehistoric sites in the region of Flagstaff, Arizona
(Colton). vii+68 pp., 10 pls., 1 fig.
Bulletin 105. Notes on the Fox Wéapanowiweni (Michelson). v+195 pp. 1 fig.
Bulletin 107. Karuk Indian myths (Harrington). v+84 pp.
REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION
The annual reports of the American Historical Association are
transmitted by the association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution and are communicated by him to Congress, as provided
by the act of incorporation of the association.
The annual report for 1930, volume 1, and the supplemental
volume to the report for 1928 were issued during the year. The
annual reports for 1930, volumes 3 and 4, and 1931, volume 1, and
the supplemental volume to the report for 1929 were in press at the
close of the year.
REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION
The manuscript of the Thirty-fourth Annual Report of the Na-
tional Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was trans-
mitted to Congress, in accordance with law, November 9, 1931.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 89
ALLOTMENTS FOR PRINTING
The congressional allotments for the printing of the Smithsonian
report to Congress and the various publications of the Government
bureaus under the administration of the Institution were virtually
used up at the close of the year. The appropriation for the coming
year ending June 30, 1933, totals $60,000, allotted as follows:
Annual report to the Congress of the Board of Regents of the Smith-
SS CNAIN ATMS A'S oa Ee tak OTM ec eR INE sae A ea $8, 850
AISUfested CURA N ToT SUTIN ee) EN SN AP IN eI 23, 250
BireanuroreAmerican Mthnologys202 32 Ue ses aes eee be eae ee 14, 500
ene Ney Ota Ade ee 100
Top dpaiiceenteivonmenTl TDR eNR akeees SUM ie ML ea AL SPO De EE 100
International Catalogue of Scientific Literature_________--_--_____-____-- 50
PIA acoso Me A OL CEA hep a eh OE a 150
ASPopiMysical j\Observatotys. i225 eee ol ee ee 1, 000
Annual report of the American Historical Association____-___________-_ 12, 000
Respectfully submitted.
W. P. True, Hditor.
Dr. Cuartes G. AxBsor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
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